| 1. |
- Di Baldassarre, Giuliano, et al.
(författare)
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An integrative research framework to unravel the interplay of natural hazards and vulnerabilities
- 2018
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2328-4277. ; 6:3, s. 305-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectednessbetween physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction(DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of theworld, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue thatthese dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integratethe two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and thevulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework thatspecifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss theessential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence-based DRR policy action.
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| 2. |
- Wallin, Anders, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive medicine - a new approach in health care science.
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The challenges of today's society call for more knowledge about how to maintain all aspects of cognitive health, such as speed/attention, memory/learning, visuospatial ability, language, executive capacity and social cognition during the life course.Medical advances have improved treatments of numerous diseases, but the cognitive implications have not been sufficiently addressed. Disability induced by cognitive dysfunction is also a major issue in groups of patients not suffering from Alzheimer's disease or related disorders. Recent studies indicate that several negative lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of cognitive impairment, but intervention and prevention strategies have not been implemented. Disability due to cognitive failure among the workforce has become a major challenge. Globally, the changing aging pyramid results in increased prevalence of cognitive disorders, and the diversity of cultures influences the expression, manifestation and consequences of cognitive dysfunction.Major tasks in the field of cognitive medicine are basic neuroscience research to uncover diverse disease mechanisms, determinations of the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction, health-economical evaluations, and intervention studies. Raising awareness for cognitive medicine as a clinical topic would also highlight the importance of specialized health care units for an integrative approach to the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Koivisto, Jenni, 1980-
(författare)
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Navigating in the Midst of Uncertainties : Challenges in Disaster Risk Governance in Mozambique
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Disasters cause heavy losses for societies and may quickly erode any development efforts. Consequently, disaster risk reduction (DRR) is an integral part of development work that should be addressed at multiple levels. Global DRR frameworks, scholars and practitioners all advocate disaster risk governance (DRG) strategies that are multi-stakeholder, polycentric and multisectoral. While various substantive knowledge gaps and questions arising from multiple risks and the crosscutting nature of DRR have been relatively well addressed, uncertainties relating to multiple DRR actors operating and collaborating at different scales have gained less attention in previous studies.This thesis investigates the uncertainties in DRG in Mozambique, a low-income country that regularly faces natural hazards. These hazards often cause heavy loss of life and livelihoods and economic damage. The four articles that together constitute this thesis focus on different sets of uncertainties and factors that have constrained or allowed Mozambique to take major steps in this policy area. By exploring strategic and institutional uncertainties related to stakeholder involvement, coordination and policy disputes, this thesis reveals different challenges and opportunities that affect DRR policymaking in Mozambique.This thesis concludes that Mozambique has managed to take important steps in DRR. However, as a consequence of the different challenges to DRR practice in Mozambique, policymaking can be short-sighted and makes slow progress, thus increasing the disconnect between theory, policies and practice. This thesis thus argues that DRG research and practice need to better take into account power-relations; coordination and capacity issues; and responsibilities and transparency across scales, both in Mozambique and elsewhere.
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| 5. |
- Mobjörk, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Facilitating Doctoral Education in Cross-disciplinary Milieus : Experiences from PhD-candidates
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cross-disciplinarity shapes much research today and many PhD candidates areengaged in this research. The doctoral education is a formative phase in a scientist’sintellectual development. Despite a large body of research about cross-disciplinarity,less attention has focused on how cross-disciplinarity shapes doctoral education.This report explores the organisation of doctoral education in four cross-disciplinaryresearch milieus and the experiences of 14 PhD candidates enrolled in these milieus.One key finding is that PhD candidates are more comfortable when their educationhas involved meta-communication about conceptual approaches and experiencesof conducting cross-disciplinary research. This calls for research milieus’ providingdoctoral education in cross-disciplinary settings to take a deliberative approach.This will both benefit the PhD candidates and the research milieus, and is centralin the socialisation process of the next cadre of researchers and for the future ofcross-disciplinary research.
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| 6. |
- Nyberg, Lars, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Klarälvdalen och en hållbar framtid
- 2011
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Ingår i: Klarälven. - Karlstad : Karlstad University Press. - 9789185335909 ; , s. 145-147
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Persson Pavlović, Erik, 1985-
(författare)
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The weakest link : Governing the risk of floods and dam failure in Sweden
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of climate change are already being felt today, and future effects, which will be determined by the readiness and resolve of today’s world leaders, are fraught with high levels of complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity, and transboundary effects – characteristics of systemic risk. Since climate change is seen as a threat multiplier, the risks that might be impacted by climate change, such as floods and dam failure, will be affected by systemic risk characteristics as well. Recent literature on risk governance calls for a more inclusive approach to address the challenges of systemic risks. Sweden has adopted the Sendai Framework, which aims to reduce disaster risk and strengthen societal resilience through a more people-centered approach. Sweden can be expected to have the resources and institutional structures needed to be able to implement the framework at a high level. However, evaluations of recent crises have shown a discrepancy between what can be expected and actual performance. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of contextual barriers to and drivers of inclusive risk governance, with a focus on responsibilities, (mandated) collaboration, and stakeholder participation, as an approach to increase societal resilience against disaster and systemic risk. The aim is reached by studying flood-related systemic risks and their governance. Three distinct, qualitative case studies focusing on different aspects of the Swedish disaster risk reduction and risk governance systems in relation to the risk of floods and dam failure are the empirical foundation for the four papers that are appended in the thesis. The thesis concludes that there is a need for a change in how resilience is framed, as part of a paradigm shift to a discourse that views resilience as a measure of adaptive capacity, and a change in how systemic risks should be understood and governed, as part of a paradigm shift to an inclusive risk governance framework.
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| 8. |
- Wik, Malin, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Behov av datorbaserade metoder och verktyg för krisövning : Intervjustudie i Inre Skandinavien
- 2017
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inom ramen för projektet CriseIT (www.criseit.org) har en intervjustudie genomförts med norska och svenska krisberedskapsaktörer. 19 respondenter från totalt 16 aktörer intervjuades om deras syn på behovet av krisövning, vad som fungerar bra och dåligt med de övningsmetoder som vanligtvis används, och vilken nytta de kunde se med datorbaserade övningsverktyg. Svaren visar på ett stort behov av att öva mer, gärna i form av mindre och kortare övningar. Det finns en rörelse bort från scenariobaserade övningar till övningar där olika förmågor står i centrum. Flertalet aktörer anser att de planerar och genomför övningar med gott resultat men att det saknas en systematik i hur utvärderingar leds vidare i ett förbättringsarbete. Det finns intresse men också tveksamhet inför att involvera allmänheten i krisövning, men ett sätt att hantera bland annat säkerhetsaspekter vore att gå via frivilligorganisationer som kan bistå med organisering och viss utbildning.Respondenterna visar stort intresse för datorbaserade övningsverktyg som ett medel för att öka krismedvetenheten och kunskapen som stödjer den egna rollen. De kan också se potentiella problem, t ex att vissa personer har svårt att ta till sig ny teknik och att det kan finnas risk att resurser till andra övningsformer minskas. Bland de fördelar som nämndes var möjlighet att öva oftare, med fler aktörer, och att öva på olika platser vid olika tidpunkter. Man ser också förbättrade möjligheter att öva utdragna kriser. Den målgrupp som lyfts fram som särskild intressant fördatorbaserade övningsverktyg är krisledningsorganisationen, dvs. den strategiskan ivån. Flera nämner också behovet av bättre planeringsstöd för säkerhets-/beredskapssamordnarna.En slutsats vi dragit är att det är viktigt att digitala krisövningsverktyg är webbaserade och bygger på standarder. Detta för att möjliggöra att verktygen kan användas distribuerat, i samarbete mellan olika organisationer och inte kräver lokala installationer i de olika hårt styrda IT-miljöerna. Det bör också vara verktyg som fungerar på såväl smartphone som surfplatta och PC. I stort bör de system som används under verkliga kriser användas även under övning.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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How to measure efficiency in risk prevention?
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessment methods form corner stones in the striving to reduce risks and threats to human life and society. Proposed actions can be physical or non-physical and adopted or declined after political evaluation, with consideration taken to available resources and estimated effect on risk. To optimize and avoid regrettable actions, decision-makers are in need of well-founded analyses of how efficient different options might be. Analytically, there are several possible steps that can contribute.Firstly, the correlation between a measure and its effect should be based on causality, which often is difficult to establish quantitatively. High frequent accidents (e.g. traffic) can normally be treated statistically , while low frequent accidents with severe consequences (e.g. natural hazards) are more restricted to qualitative descriptions of correlation. Systematic monitoring of injury and damage data and gathering into databases, are a crucial activity for causality valuation. Secondly, economic valuation of effect is an important contribution in a cost-benefit perspective. Thirdly, a measure often brings several different effects and some may fall outside the actual purpose. An additional problem is how to handle effects that exert varied influence on different stakeholders or social groups in society. Fourthly, certain criteria are required for final prioritization. For instance, in analysis of goal fulfillment, effects are compared with politically decided quantified goals.In cases where basic data from steps 1-3 are incomplete, alternative criteria like “acceptable risk” might be necessary to agree about politically. To use similar approaches on how to describe and quantify effect correlations, promote gathered efforts at local level where risk reducing measures are decided upon by different actors and with regard to diverse local conditions. Tests of suitable methods and approaches to measure efficiency of planned or accomplished actions in gain for risk prevention, are described and discussed.
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| 10. |
- Turesson, Kenny, et al.
(författare)
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The human dimension of vulnerability : A scoping review of the Nordic literature on factors for social vulnerability to climate risks
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 100
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of vulnerability has obtained increased research interest due to the ongoing climate change. The concept has a broad and general meaning which makes it necessary to specify what it actually means in any specific context. In exposure to climate risks, it is important to highlight who and what is vulnerable to climate-related hazards. The concept of social vulnerability derives from ongoing research in disaster, developmental, and socio-geographic sciences. Social vulnerability emphasises the social dimension of vulnerability and how different factors in interaction contribute to influence who is vulnerable. This scoping review is part of a larger project that aimed at increasing the understanding of social vulnerability in a Swedish and Nordic context. The review explores what Nordic literature on vulnerability related to climate hazards has identified as relevant for social vulnerability. 32 articles were included and underwent content analysis. The analysis process was characterised by the involvement of the project group in an iterative cross-disciplinary approach to the topic. This study concludes that social vulnerability is a dynamic process in both time and space; the degree of spatial resolution of vulnerability assessments impacts the possibility to detect vulnerable groups; it is in the combination of factors that social vulnerability emerges; and that the finding of risk perception re-emphasises the agency of the individual.
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