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- Bergström, A., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer : a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - New York, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 83:2, s. 186-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causes of renal cell cancer remain incompletely understood. In one previous retrospective case-control study, high occupational physical activity has been associated with a decreased risk among men, but not among women. Our aim was to investigate the association between occupational physical activity and renal cell cancer in a large cohort in Sweden. A cohort of Swedish men and women was identified in the nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, and the reported occupations were classified into 4 levels of physical demands. Follow-up from 1971 through 1989 was accomplished through record linkages to the Swedish Cancer Registry. Multivariate Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found a monotonic increase in risk of renal cell cancer with decreasing level of occupational physical activity among men (p for trend <0.001). After adjustment for socio-economic status, place of residence, and calendar year of follow-up, men with long-term sedentary jobs had a 25% (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.02-1.53) increased risk compared to men with physically demanding occupations. Among women there was no association, the dose-risk trend was not significant (p for trend >0.50). Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with renal cell cancer among men. The absence of association among women might be due to smaller range of exposure, confounding by household work or reproductive factors, or to a difference in biological response to physical activity in men and women.
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- Chow, W. H., et al.
(författare)
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Risk of urinary tract cancers following kidney or ureter stones
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - Oxford, United Kingdom : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 89:19, s. 1453-1457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A relationship has been suggested between kidney or ureter stones and the development of urinary tract cancers. In this study, a population-based cohort of patients hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones in Sweden was followed for up to 25 years to examine subsequent risks for developing renal cell, renal pelvis/ureter, or bladder cancer.Methods: Data from the national Swedish In-patient Register and the national Swedish Cancer Registry were linked to follow 61,144 patients who were hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones from 1965 through 1983. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed on the basis of nationwide cancer incidence rates, after adjustment for age, sex, and calendar year.Results: Risk of renal cell cancer was not elevated in this cohort. Significant excesses of renal pelvis/ureter cancer (SIR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.8-3.3) and bladder cancer (SIR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.3-1.6) were observed, but the SIRs for women were more than twice those for men. Risks varied little by age or duration of follow-up. Risks of renal pelvis/ureter cancer and bladder cancer among patients with an associated diagnosis of urinary tract infection were more than double those among patients without such infection, although the risks were significantly elevated in both groups.Conclusions: Individuals hospitalized for kidney or ureter stones are at increased risk of developing renal pelvis/ureter or bladder cancer, even beyond 10 years of follow-up. Chronic irritation and infection may play a role, since kidney or ureter stones were located on the same side of the body as the tumors in most patients with renal pelvis/ureter cancer evaluated in our study.
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- Johansson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosing Barrett's oesophagus : Factors related to agreement between endoscopy and histology
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepathology. - 0954-691X .- 1473-5687. ; 19:10, s. 870-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Few previous studies have addressed the agreement between endoscopy and histology regarding Barrett's oesophagus in unselected endoscopy patients. Our aim was to quantify this agreement, and to study its relation to clinical and endoscopic characteristics in consecutive patients coming for first-time gastroscopy. METHODS: We invited consecutive patients aged 18-79 years and endoscoped for the first time at endoscopy units exclusively serving defined catchment areas in southeast Sweden. Endoscopic and clinical data were recorded according to a predetermined protocol, and biopsies were taken from the distal oesophagus in all patients. RESULTS: Among 705 patients included, 17% [95% confidence interval (CI): 14-20] had endoscopically visible columnar mucosa above the oesophagogastric junction and 38% (95% CI: 34-42) had columnar mucosa in at least one biopsy irrespective of the endoscopic finding. The overall concordance between endoscopy and histology regarding presence (or absence) of columnar mucosa above the oesophagogastric junction was 74% (95% CI: 71-77) and the agreement beyond chance, as measured by Kappa (?) statistics, was fair, ?=0.38 (95% CI: 0.32-0.45). The agreement between the endoscopic assessment and intestinal metaplasia at biopsy was 86% (95% CI: 83-88), but ? was only 0.31 (95% CI: 0.21-0.41). Our data were consistent with a lower threshold for macroscopic detection of columnar epithelium above the oesophagogastric junction, when risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus were present. CONCLUSION: The agreement between macroscopic and microscopic assessments of Barrett's oesophagus is no more than fair, and partly dependent on the presence of patient characteristics suggestive of pathology in this region. © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
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- Johansson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for Barrett's oesophagus : A population-based approach
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 42:2, s. 148-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. Given its often subclinical course, Barrett's oesophagus (BO) hardly lends itself to epidemiologically stringent evaluations. The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for incident BO diagnosed in a defined population in southeast Sweden while paying particular attention to epidemiological aspects of the study design. Material and methods. Consecutive patients (aged 18-79 years) who were endoscoped with new indications at units exclusively responsible for all gastroscopies in defined catchment area populations were invited to take part in the study. Biopsies were taken above and immediately below the gastro-oesophageal junction, and exposure information was collected through self-administered questionnaires. Endoscopy-room-based cross-sectional data from 604 patients were supplemented with exposure data from 160 population controls. Associations, expressed as odds ratios (ORs), were modelled by means of multivariable logistic regression. Results. In the comparison with population controls, reflux symptoms and smoking indicated a 10.7- and 3.3-fold risk, respectively, for BO (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-33.4 and 1.1-9.9, respectively). Body mass was unrelated to risk. In the cross-sectional analysis among endoscopy-room patients, reflux symptoms were associated with an OR of 2.0 (95% CI 0.8-5.0). This association was, however, modified by the subjunctional presence of Helicobacter pylori, although the infection was not in itself significantly connected with risk, a combination of reflux symptoms and H. pylori infection was linked to an almost 5-fold risk (95% CI 1.4-16.5) as compared with the absence of both factors. The BO prevalence increased by 5% per year of age (95% CI 1-9%). Conclusions. Reflux is the predominant risk factor for BO, and proximal gastric colonization of H. pylori seems to amplify this risk. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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- Kang, D, et al.
(författare)
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia and subsequent risk of bladder cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - London : Harcourt Publishers. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 96:9, s. 1475-1479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the risk of bladder cancer in a cohort of 79,280 Swedish men hospitalised for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register between 1964 and 1983 and followed until 1989 via multiple record linkages with nationwide data on cancer registry, death and emigration. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), the ratios of the observed to the expected numbers of incident bladder cancers, were used to calculate the risk associated with BPH. The expected number was calculated by multiplying the number of person-years by the age-specific cancer incidence rates in Sweden for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation. Analyses were stratified by BPH treatment, latency, calendar year and presence of genitourinary (GU) comorbid conditions. After excluding the first 3 years of follow-up after the index hospitalisation, we observed 506 incident bladder cancer cases during follow-up in the cohort. No overall increased risk of bladder cancer was apparent in our main analysis involving the entire BPH cohort. However, among BPH patients with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), there was an increased risk in all follow-up periods; SIRs of bladder cancer during years 4-6 of follow-up was 1.22 (95% confidence interval=1.02-1.46), 1.32 for 7-9 years of follow-up, and 1.47 for 10-26 years of follow-up. SIRs of bladder cancer among TURP-treated BPH patients were particularly elevated among those with comorbid conditions of the GU tract (e.g., stone, infection, etc.); 1.72, 1.74 and 2.01 for 4-6, 7-9, 10-26 years of follow-up, respectively, and also for those whose diagnoses occurred before 1975, when TURP was more likely to be performed by a urologist than a general practitioner: 1.87, 1.90 and 1.74, respectively. These findings suggest that BPH overall is not associated with bladder cancer risk. However, among men treated with TURP, particularly those with other comorbid GU tract conditions, risk of bladder cancer was elevated.
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| 10. |
- Lindblad, Per, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of diabetes mellitus in the aetiology of renal cell cancer
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - New York, USA : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 42:1, s. 107-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and the risk of renal cell cancer we carried out a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patients identified in the Swedish Inpatient Register who were discharged from hospitals with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus between 1965 and 1983 formed a cohort of 153852 patients (80005 women and 73847 men). The cohort members were followed up to 1989 by record linkage to three nation-wide registries. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed using age-specific sex-specific and period-specific incidence and mortality rates derived from the entire Swedish population. After exclusion of the first year of observation, a total of 267 incidences of renal cell cancer (ICD-7:180.0) occurred in diabetic patients compared with the 182.4 that had been expected. Increased risks were observed in both women (SIR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.4-2.0) and men (SIR = 1.3; 95 % CI = 1.1-1.6) throughout the duration of follow-up (1-25 years). A higher risk was seen for kidney cancer (ICD-7:180) mortality (SMR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.7-2.2, women; SMR 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4-1.9, men). In comparison with the general population, patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk of renal cell cancer.
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