| 1. |
- Abraham-Nordling, Mirna, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 165:6, s. 899-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The incidence of hyperthyroidism has been reported in various countries to be 23-93/100000 inhabitants per year. This extended study has evaluated the incidence for similar to 40% of the Swedish population of 9 million inhabitants. Sweden is considered to be iodine sufficient country. Methods:All patients including children, who were newly diagnosed with overt hyperthyroidism in the years 2003-2005, were prospectively registered in a multicenter study. The inclusion criteria are as follows:clinical symptoms and/or signs of hyperthyroidism with plasma TSH concentration below 0.2 mIE/l and increased plasma levels of free/total triiodothyronine and/or free/total thyroxine. Patients with relapse of hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis were not included. The diagnosis of Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA), smoking, initial treatment, occurrence of thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs, and demographic data were registered. Results:A total of 2916 patients were diagnosed with de novo hyperthyroidism showing the total incidence of 27.6/100 000 inhabitants per year. The incidence of GD was 21.0/100 000 and toxic nodular goiter (TNG=STA+TMNG) occurred in 692 patients, corresponding to an annual incidence of 6.5/100 000. The incidence was higher in women compared with men (4.2:1). Seventy-five percent of the patients were diagnosed with GD, in whom thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs occurred during diagnosis in every fifth patient. Geographical differences were observed. Conclusion:The incidence of hyperthyroidism in Sweden is in a lower range compared with international reports. Seventy-five percent of patients with hyperthyroidism had GD and 20% of them had thyroid-associated eye symptoms/signs during diagnosis. The observed geographical differences require further studies.
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| 2. |
- Nyström, Helena Filipsson, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Thyroid volume in Swedish school children: a national, stratified, population-based survey.
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 64:11, s. 1289-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has had a salt iodination program since 1936. This first national surveillance study on iodine nutrition infers an adequate level of urinary iodine concentration (UIC 125μg/l) and the aim is now to evaluate thyroid volume (Tvol) in the same national sample.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Adequate iodine nutrition in Sweden: a cross-sectional national study of urinary iodine concentration in school-age children.
- 2009
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 63:7, s. 828-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Sweden has a long-standing salt iodization program; however, its effects on iodine intake have never been monitored on a national level. The objective of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition in the Swedish population by measuring the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in a national sample of Swedish school-age (6-12 years of age) children.Subjects/Methods:A stratified probability proportionate to size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative national sample of school-age children from 30 clusters. Spot urine samples were collected for UIC analysis using a modified Sandell-Kolthoff method.Results:The median UIC of the children (n=857) was 125 mug/l (range 11-757 mug/l). The proportion of children with a UIC <100 mug/l was 30.0% and the proportion of children with a UIC <50 and >300 mug/l was 5.5 and 3.0%, respectively.Conclusions:The iodine nutritional status of the Swedish population is adequate. Iodized table salt remains the main dietary source of iodine in Swedish diet. Recommendations to reduce total salt intake in the population urge increased use of iodized salt in the production of processed foods. Pregnant and lactating women with high iodine requirements may still be at risk for low iodine intake. This study will serve as the basis for future monitoring of iodine nutritional status in Sweden.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 10 September 2008; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2008.46.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Marie, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Iodine Content and Distribution in Thyroid Specimens from Two Patients with Graves' Disease Pretreated with Either Propylthiouracil or Stable Iodine: Analysis Using X-Ray Fluorescence and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Case reports in endocrinology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-651X .- 2090-6501. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with Graves' disease can be medically prepared before surgery in different ways, which may have various effects on iodine stores. Thyroid specimens were collected at surgery from two patients pretreated with propylthiouracil (PTU) and stable iodine, respectively. A quantitative analysis of iodine content was performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in frozen tissue and a qualitative analysis of aldehyde-fixed material with Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Iodine concentrations were 0.9mg/mL and 0.5mg/mL in the thyroid tissue from the patients treated with PTU and stable iodine respectively. TOF-SIMS showed iodine in the follicle lumina in both. However, in the PTU case, iodine was also seen within the thyrocytes indicating accumulation of iodinated compounds from uninhibited hormone release. XRF and TOF-SIMS can be used to follow iodine distribution within the thyroid and the intricate processes following the different medical treatment alternatives in Graves' disease.
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| 6. |
- Nyström, Helena Filipsson, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence Rate and Clinical features of Hyperthyroidism in a long-term iodine sufficient area of Sweden (Gothenburg) 2003-2005.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2265 .- 0300-0664. ; 78:5, s. 768-776
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study hyperthyroidism in long-term iodine sufficiency (IS), as iodine supply affects its occurrence. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study PATIENTS: In 2003-2005, all referred cases of subclinical (SH) and overt hyperthyroidism (OH) were registered at diagnosis from a population (n=631239) in Gothenburg, Sweden. MEASUREMENTS: Information on age, gender, smoking, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), thyroid hormones and TSH receptor antibodies (TRab) was collected. Incidences were calculated. SH and OH cases with Graves' disease (GD), toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG) and solitary toxic adenoma (STA) were compared. In GD, TRab+ and TRab- cases and patients with (TAO+) and without TAO (TAO-) were compared. RESULTS: The total incidence (n/100000/year) of hyperthyroidism was 27.6; OH 23.8; SH 3.8; GD 21.4; TMNG 4.3; and STA 1.8. SH was more common among TMNG (40.2%) and STA (45.7%) than in GD (5.9%). SH-GD patients were older, more often smokers and had lower TRab levels than OH-GD patients. FreeT4 and T3 levels in GD were higher than in TMNG and STA. FreeT4, T3 and TRab decreased with age in GD patients, p<0.0001. TRab- patients had lower T3 than TRab+ patients, p<0.001. TRab was positively correlated to FreeT4, p<0.0001. TAO occured in 20% of GD patients. TAO+ patients were younger than TAO- patients. Smokers did not have more TAO. CONCLUSION: The total incidence of hyperthyroidism was low. GD dominated with an age-related decline of thyroid hormones and TRab levels. The spectrum of hyperthyroidism in this long-term IS area may represent the future situation for countries with shorter history of IS. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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