| 1. |
- Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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High nationwide prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 17:8, s. 901-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few nationwide multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence studies have been published. In Scandinavia, the nationwide MS prevalence was 173/100,000 in Denmark 2005 and 100/100,000 in Iceland 1990. Objective: Our aim with the present study was to determine the first population-based nationwide MS prevalence in Sweden, based on observed, registered patients and to investigate the presence of a north-south gradient of MS prevalence. Methods: By linking the Swedish National Patient Register, the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Registry and the Swedish Total Population Register we obtained the number of patients who were diagnosed with MS before 2009, and who were registered, alive and resident in Sweden on the prevalence date 31 December 2008. We calculated the gender-specific nationwide MS prevalence in 1-year age intervals. The relationship between MS risk and latitude was studied in a logistic regression model including all individuals in the population of Sweden. Results: The number of registered MS patients in 2008 was 17,485 out of the Swedish population of 9,256,347. The overall MS prevalence was 188.9/100,000 (95% CI 186.1-191.7), 113.4 (95% CI 110.3-116.5) for men and 263.6 (95% CI 258.9-268.3) for women. The female to male ratio was 2.35:1. The prevalence of MS significantly increased for each degree of north latitude with 1.5% in men (p = 0.013) and 1% in women (p = 0.015). Conclusions: The MS prevalence of 188.9/100,000 in Sweden is among the highest nationwide prevalence estimates in the world. In Sweden, the risk of MS increases with increasing north latitude for both men and women.
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| 2. |
- Fagerquist, M., et al.
(författare)
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Intra-observer repeatability when assessing the foetal urinary bladder volume by the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and SUM-OF-CYLINDERS methods: A pilot study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ultrasound. - 1742-271X. ; 25:3, s. 156-165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction : The aim of this study was to compare the intra-observer repeatability when using two different methods for estimating the volume of foetal urinary bladders. Method : The urinary bladders of 20 foetuses were documented by three-dimensional ultrasound. Standard deviation was compared when the volumes of identical bladder images were repeatedly estimated using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and the experimental SUM-OF-CYLINDERS methods. Results : No systematic deviation was found between the estimated volumes when using these two methods. Standard deviation was smaller for the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS compared to the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis method (p < 0.0001). In relation to bladder volumes of 5–25 ml, standard deviation was 11–14% for the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis and 4–5% for the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method. Conclusions : Using three-dimensional ultrasound images adapted for the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis method, foetal urinary bladder volumes can also be estimated using the SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method. The SUM-OF-CYLINDERS method employs technical advances which may result in a lower standard deviation and therefore higher intra-observer repeatability.
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| 3. |
- Hörling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical properties and machining performance of Ti1-x AlxN-coated cutting tools
- 2005
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 191:2-3, s. 384-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical properties and machining performance of Ti1−xAlxN-coated cutting tools have been investigated. Processing by arc evaporation using cathodes with a range of compositions was performed to obtain coatings with compositions x=0, x=0.25, x=0.33, x=0.50, x=0.66 and x=0.74. As-deposited coatings with x≤0.66 had metastable cubic structures, whereas x=0.74 yielded two-phase coatings consisting of cubic and hexagonal structures. The as-deposited and isothermally annealed coatings were characterised by nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Cutting tests revealing tool wear mechanisms were also performed. Results show that the Al content, x, promotes a (200) preferred crystallographic orientation and has a large influence on the hardness of as-deposited coatings. The high hardness (37 GPa) and texture of the as-deposited Ti1−xAlxN coatings are retained for annealing temperatures up to 950 °C, which indicates a superior stability of this system compared to TiN and Ti(C,N) coatings. We propose that competing mechanisms are responsible for the effectively constant hardness: softening by residual stress relaxation through lattice defect annihilation is balanced by hardening from formation of a coherent nanocomposite structure of c-TiN and c-AlN domains by spinodal decomposition. This example of secondary-phase transformation (age-) hardening is proposed as a new route for advanced surface engineering, and for the development of future generation hard coatings.
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| 4. |
- Hörling, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal stability of arc evaporated high aluminum-content Ti1−xAlxN thin films
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. A. Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-2101 .- 1520-8559. ; 20:5, s. 1815-1823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The thermal stability of Ti1−xAlxN films deposited by arc evaporation from Ti–Al cathodes with 67 and 75 at. % aluminum, respectively, has been investigated. The microstructure of as-deposited and isothermally annealed samples were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The chemical composition and elemental distribution were determined by energy dispersive x ray (EDX), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and EDX mapping. Transmission electron micrographs revealed a dense and columnar microstructure in the as-deposited condition. Films deposited from the 67 at. % cathodes were of cubic NaCl-structure phase, whereas films deposited from the 75 at. % cathodes exhibited nanocrystallites of wurzite-structure hexagonal-phase AlN in a cubic (c)-(Ti,Al)N matrix. Both films were stable during annealing at 900 °C/120 min with respect to phase composition and grain size. Annealing at 1100 °C of films deposited from the 67 at. % cathodes resulted in phase separation of c-TiN and h-AlN, via spinodal decomposition of c-TiN and c-AlN. (Ti,Al)N films undergo extensive stress relaxation and defect annihilation at relatively high temperatures, and aspects of these microstructural transformations are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, C. A., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of experiences of training emergency care in military exercises and competences among conscript nurses with different levels of education
- 2007
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Ingår i: Military Medicine. - : Association of Military Surgeons. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 172:10, s. 1046-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The military emergency care education of nurses is primarily concerned with the treatment of soldiers with combat-related injuries. Even though great progress has been made in military medicine, there is still the pedagogical question of what emergency care education for military nurses should contain and how it should be taught. The aim of this study was to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education. A descriptive study was performed to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education in nursing. There were statistical differences between nurses with general nursing education and nurses with a general nursing education and supplementary education. A reasonable implication of the differences is that the curriculum must be designed differently depending on the educational background of the students. Hence, there is an interaction between background characteristics, e.g., the level of previous education and differences pertaining to clinical experience of the participants, and the impact of the exercise itself.
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