| 1. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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Outcome of Radical Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections Comparing Extra-anatomic Bypass with In Situ Reconstruction : A Nationwide Multicentre Study
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 62:6, s. 918-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infection (AGI) is primarily treated by resection of the infected graft and restoration of distal perfusion through extra-anatomic bypass (EAB) or in situ reconstruction/repair (ISR). The aim of this study was to compare these surgical strategies in a nationwide multicentre retrospective cohort study.Methods: The Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) was used to identify surgically treated abdominal AGIs in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017. The primary aim was to compare short and long term survival, as well as complications for EAB and ISR.Results: Some 126 radically surgically treated AGI patients were identified – 102 graft infections and 24 endograft infections – treated by EAB: 71 and ISR: 55 (23 neo-aorto-iliac systems, NAISs). No differences in early 30 day (EAB 81.7% vs. ISR 76.4%, p =.46), or long term five year survival (48.2% vs. 49.9%, p =.87) were identified. There was no survival difference comparing NAIS to other ISR strategies. The frequency of recurrent graft infection during follow up was similar: EAB 20.3% vs. ISR 17.0% (p =.56). Survival and re-infection rates of the new conduit did not differ between NAIS and other ISR strategies. Age ≥ 75 years (odds ratio [OR] 4.0, confidence interval [CI] 1.1 – 14.8), coronary artery disease (OR 4.2, CI 1.2 – 15.1) and post-operative circulatory complications (OR 5.2, CI 1.2 – 22.5) were associated with early death. Prolonged antimicrobial therapy (> 3 months) was associated with reduced long term mortality (HR 0.3, CI 0.1 – 0.9).Conclusion: In this nationwide multicentre study comparing outcomes of radically treated AGI, no differences in survival or re-infection rate could be identified comparing EAB and ISR.
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| 2. |
- Gavali, Hamid, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-Conservative Treatment Versus Radical Surgery in Abdominal Aortic Graft and Endograft Infections
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 1078-5884 .- 1532-2165. ; 66:3, s. 397-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Abdominal aortic graft and endograft infections (AGIs) are rare complications following aortic surgery. Radical surgery (RS) with resection of the infected graft and reconstruction with extra-anatomical bypass or in situ reconstruction is the preferred therapy. For patients unfit for RS, a semi-conservative (SC), graft preserving strategy is possible. This paper aimed to compare survival and infection outcomes between RS and SC treatment for AGI in a nationwide cohort.Methods: Patients with abdominal AGI related surgery in Sweden between January 1995 and May 2017 were identified. The Management of Aortic Graft Infection Collaboration (MAGIC) criteria were used for the definition of AGI. Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.Results: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with surgically treated abdominal AGI were identified, comprising 43 SC (14 endografts; 53% with a graft enteric fistula [GEF] in total) and 126 RS (26 endografts; 50% with a GEF in total). The SC cohort was older and had a higher frequency of cardiac comorbidities. There was a non-significant trend towards lower Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC vs. RS (30.2% vs. 48.4%; p = .066). A non-significant trend was identified towards worse Kaplan -Meier estimated five year survival for SC patients with a GEF vs. without a GEF (21.7% vs. 40.1%; p = .097). There were significantly more recurrent graft infections comparing SC with RS (45.4% vs. 19.3%; p < .001). In a Cox regression model adjusting for confounders, there was no difference in five year survival comparing SC vs. RS (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6 -1.5).Conclusion: In this national AGI cohort, there was no mortality difference comparing SC and RS for AGI when adjusting for comorbidities. Presence of GEF probably negatively impacts survival outcomes of SC patients. Rates of recurrent infection remain high for SC treated patients.
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| 3. |
- Axelsson Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240 .- 1098-5336. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bohman, Anna, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual Water : En visualiseringsplattform för dagvatten- och skyfallsplanering i ett klimat under förändring
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Visual Water (http//visualwater.se) är en interaktiv webbaserad visualiseringsplattform som syftar till att stötta svenska kommuner i arbetet för en hållbar dagvatten- och skyfallshantering. Plattformen är utformad för att svara mot centrala utmaningar som lyfts av svenska dagvattenaktörer som befinner sig i skiftet bort från de rörbundna nätverksidealen för avledning av dagvatten och strävar efter en högre grad av grön-blå och öppna lösningar i stadsmiljön.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective Analysis of Citalopram and Metabolites in Adolescents
- 2001
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Ingår i: Therapeutic drug monitoring. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0163-4356. ; 23, s. 658-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies of the antidepressant effect and pharmacokinetics of citalopram have been performed in adults, but the effects on children and adolescents have only been studied to a minor extent despite its increasing use in these age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate a group of adolescents treated for depression, with respect to the steady-state plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of citalopram and its demethylated metabolites desmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram. Moreover, the authors studied the genotypes for the polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in relation to the different enantiomers. The S/R ratios of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram found in this study of 19 adolescents were similar to studies involving older patients. The concentrations of the R-(-)- and S-(+)-enantiomers of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram were also in agreement with values from earlier studies, the R-(-)-enantiomer (distomer) being the major enantiomer. The results indicate that the use of oral contraceptives may have some influence on the metabolism of citalopram. This might be because of an interaction of the contraceptive hormones with the CYP2C19 enzyme.
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| 9. |
- Chari, Arpita, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in Produktion2030 : Sustainability and circular economy actions within the project portfolio of the Produktion2030 strategic innovation programme
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global manufacturing industry is undergoing tremendous transformation towards increased sustainability. This vital, industrial sector is rapidly enhancing its capability for resource efficient, circular, and climate neutral processes and business models. Industry is also rapidly recognizing sustainability and resilience measures as competitive advantages and unique selling points. Companies are being both nudged and forced into sustainable, resource-efficient businesses to comply with new demands and regulations from for example the European Commission’s Green Deal and global policy like the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Customer needs as well as government policies and regulations are enforced through e.g. economic bonus and penalty systems, accelerating transformation. This change process is complex, requiring new knowledge and innovation. Therefore, Industrial sustainability is at the core of Produktion2030, the national Swedish Strategic Innovation Programme for manufacturing industry.The vision of Produktion2030 is to enable a competitive and sustainable Swedish manufacturing industry. Produktion2030 is putting strong efforts into acceleration of the green transformation, creating crossdisciplinary and multi-stakeholder collaboration, increasing national innovation capacity and agility, and driving competence development as well as workforce upskilling. In 2020, the Produktion2030 Programme Office and Supervisory Group commissioned a study to map sustainability achievements within the programme's total product portfolio.A national group of sustainability experts from Chalmers University of Technology, Linköping University, Royal Institute of Technology, and the institute RISE were invited to analyse all past and present Produktion2030 projects, from sustainability and circular economy perspectives.This report presents the results from the study, highlighting a selection of contributions to industrial sustainability achieved by Produktion2030 during the programme’s first six years. Data for the study was gathered during the spring of 2020. Representatives from all ongoing and finalised projects within the Produktion2030 programme were invited to an online survey. The objective was to investigate specific project impacts in terms of sustainability and implementation of a circular economy.Results showed that all Produktion2030 projects had applied at least one dimension of sustainability, economic. Further, 71% of the projects also covered the environmental dimension. Several projects applied sustainability trade-offs, where an improvement within one sustainability dimension affected other dimensions negatively. The UN Sustainable Development Goals #8, #9 and #12, were considered most relevant by the projects. Implementation or inclusion of circular economy was also common (45%) among the projects. Projects adapted circular economy concepts differently, according to their self-defined project scope and system boundaries. Finally, 65 % of the projects implemented Industry 4.0 concepts and digital solutions, to increase and accelerate the sustainability impact. In conclusion, the study of sustainability efforts within the complete portfolio of Produktion2030 projects by 2020 showed that the programme is strongly contributing to the transformation of manufacturing industry in Sweden towards sustainability.Produktion2030 has a deep, strategic commitment to address the challenges of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. This study shows that Produktion2030 also has an excellent transformational capability to deliver research, innovation, and education results that influences sustainability factors. The results strongly support the manufacturing community in Sweden, allowing industry, academia, and institutes to act towards a more sustainable, resilient, and circular society.
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| 10. |
- Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil, et al.
(författare)
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Human pharmacokinetics of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine studied with microdialysis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 45:10, s. 1813-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intravenous and subcutaneous microdialysis was performedto compare the free concentrations and pharmacokinetics of L-3,4-dihyroxyphenylalanine(L-dopa) in blood and tissue in healthy subjects and in patientswith Parkinson disease.Methods: Nine healthy volunteers and 10 patients with Parkinson disease, stage 1.5–2 according to the Hoehn-Yahr rating scale, took part of the study. In the patient group subcutaneous microdialysis and ordinary blood sampling were performed, whereas in the control group intravenous microdialysis was also performed. Microdialysis samples were collected in fractions of 15 min. The first two fractions were collected for analysis of basal concentrations. A blood sample was also taken. The patients were then given one tablet of Madopar® (100 mg of L-dopa and 25 mg of benserazide),and the microdialysis was continued for another 210 min. Bloodsamples were obtained at 30-min intervals.Results: The serum samples gave a significantly higher meanarea under the curve (AUC; 491 ± 139 µmol ·min/L) than that for intravenous dialysates (235 ± 55.3µmol · min/L), suggesting a protein binding of50%. The L-dopa concentrations from the subcutaneous dialysatesmatched those from the intravenous dialysates, indicating rapiddistribution of L-dopa to the tissues.Conclusions: Parkinsonian patients in early stages of the disease have a pharmacokinetic pattern of free L-dopa similar to that of healthy subjects. Comparison of AUCs from microdialysis with ordinary serum analysis revealed data indicating significant protein binding. Microdialysis is a suitable and easily applied tool in pharmacokinetic studies.
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