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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Olsson Lillemor Lundin) ;srt2:(2005-2009);conttype:(refereed)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Olsson Lillemor Lundin) > (2005-2009) > Refereegranskat

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1.
  • Arnadottir, Solveig A, 1968-, et al. (författare)
  • Are rural older Icelanders less physically active than those living in urban areas? : a population-based study
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:4, s. 409-417
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Older people in rural areas have been labelled as physically inactive on the basis of leisure-time physical activity research. However, more research is needed to understand the total physical activity pattern in older adults, considering all domains of physical activity, including leisure, work, and domestic life. AIMS: We hypothesised that: (a) total physical activity would be the same for older people in urban and rural areas; and (b) urban and rural residency, along with gender and age, would be associated with differences in domain-specific physical activities. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected in Icelandic rural and urban communities from June through to September 2004. Participants were randomly selected, community-dwelling, 65-88 years old, and comprised 68 rural (40% females) and 118 urban (53% females) adults. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to obtain a total physical activity score and subscores in leisure, during domestic life, and at work. RESULTS: The total PASE score was not associated with rural vs. urban residency, but males were, in total, more physically active than females, and the 65-74-year-olds were more active than the 75-88-year-olds. In the leisure domain, rural people had lower physical activity scores than urban people. Rural males were, however, most likely of all to be physically active in the work domain. In both urban and rural areas, the majority of the physical activity behaviour occurred in relation to housework, with the rural females receiving the highest scores. CONCLUSIONS: Older Icelanders in rural areas should not be labelled as less physically active than those who live in urban areas. Urban vs. rural living may, however, influence the physical activity patterns among older people, even within a fairly socioeconomically and culturally homogeneous country such as Iceland. This reinforces the need to pay closer attention to the living environment when studying and developing strategies to promote physical activity.
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3.
  • Eriksson, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Circumstances surrounding falls in patients with dementia in a psychogeriatric ward
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 49:1, s. 80-87
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • People with dementia have an increased risk of falling. Predisposing factors explain only a small part of the variation in falls among people with dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore circumstances that are hazardous regarding falls among people with dementia at a psychogeriatric ward. The study comprised 191 participants of whom seventy-five fell a total of 229 times. Prospective data were collected on falls. Hazardous circumstances were calculated in two ways. Firstly possible differences between day/night falls and women/men falls were calculated based on the 229 falls. Secondly time to first fall was used to estimate hazardous circumstances and was based on 75 falls. This study shows a fall rate that was equally high during the night and the day. The proportion of diurnal rhythm disturbances and activity disturbances was higher for falls at night than for falls during the day. Circumstances associated with an increased risk of falls, as shown by a short time to first fall, were anxiety, darkness, not wearing any shoes and, for women, urinary tract infection. All of these are circumstances that should be considered in future fall-related research among people with dementia.
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4.
  • Eriksson, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of three statistical methods for analysis of fall predictors in people with dementia : negative binomial regression (NBR), regression tree (RT), and partial least squares regression (PLSR)
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 49:3, s. 383-389
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Searching for background factors associated with falls in people with dementia is difficult because the population is heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of three statistical methods for analysis of fall predictors in people with dementia. NBR, RT and PLSR analyses were compared. Data used for the comparison were from a prospective cohort study of 192 patients at a psychogeriatric ward, specializing in patients with cognitive impairment and related behavioral and psychological symptoms. Seventy-eight of these patients fell a total of 238 times. PLSR and RT analyses are directed at finding patterns among predictor variables related to outcome, whereas an NBR model is directed at finding predictor variables that, independent of other variables, are related to the outcome. The NBR analysis explained an additional 10–15% variation compared with the PLSR and RT analyses. The results of PLSR and RT show a similar plausible pattern of predictor variables. However, none of these techniques appears to be sufficient in itself. In order to gain patterns of explanatory variables, RT would be a good complement to NBR for analysis of fall predictors.
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5.
  • Eriksson, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors for falls in people with and without a diagnosis of dementia living in residential care facilities : a prospective study
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-4943 .- 1872-6976. ; 46:3, s. 293-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • People with dementia are at increased risk of falling. The purpose of this study was to identify predisposing risk factors for falls in older people with and without a diagnose of dementia living in residential care facilities, and to compare the results. Eighty-three residents without dementia (mean age ± S.D.; 83.5 ± 7.1 years) and 103 with dementia (83.6 ± 6.3 years) in Umeå, Sweden, participated. The baseline assessment included probable risk factors like walking ability, diagnoses and treatment with drugs. The follow-up period was 6 months. In people with dementia, the fall rate was higher (crude incidence rate ratio 2.55, 95% CI 1.60–4.08) and a larger proportion experienced falls (62% versus 41%). In the group without dementia 54.8% of the variation in falls was explained by a model including orthostatism, “women walking with aid”, and treatment with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In the group with dementia 25.5% of the variation in falls was explained by a model including “man walking with aid”. Our results show that with the same set of common risk factors for falls a considerably lower proportion of the variation in falls can be explained in the group of people with dementia.
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6.
  • Hellner, Britt Marie, et al. (författare)
  • Systematiskt arbete för äldres säkerhet : om fall, trafikolyckor och bränder
  • 2007
  • Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Äldre personer är överrepresenterade i nästan alla olyckor. Förutom stort personligt lidande för individen leder skadorna ofta till omfattande kostnader för samhället. Därför har Räddningsverket och IMS/Socialstyrelsen tilsammans med forskare vid Umeå Universitet, Karlstad Universitet, Krolinska Insitutet, FoU Välfärd Örebro samt Vägverket gemensamt sammaställt denna bok. Syftet är att inspirera och vägleda ett systematiskt arbete i samhället för att öka säkerheten och minska skadorna till följd av olyckor bland äldre. Boken riktar sig till verksamma inom vård och omsorg för äldre, tjänstemän och politiker på olika nivåer i samhället
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7.
  • Lindemann, Ulrich, et al. (författare)
  • Maximum step length as a potential screening tool for falls in non-disabled older adults living in the community.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. - 1594-0667 .- 1720-8319. ; 20:5, s. 394-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Identification of the risk of falls in a cohort of interest is a prerequisite for a targeted fall prevention study. Motor tasks are widely used as baseline assessment in such studies, but there are only a few well-evaluated tests of motor performance to predict falls prospectively. This study was conducted to find out if the potential of the maximum step length (MSL) test can predict future falls in non-disabled older persons. METHODS: A modified version of the MSL test was used for baseline assessment in 56 community-dwelling, non-disabled elderly persons (mean age 67.7 yrs, SD 6 yrs; 57% women). During a follow-up of 1 year, falls were recorded in a daily calendar. RESULTS: During the follow-up, 30 persons (54%) fell, with no gender difference in reporting of falls between men and women. The adjusted mean valid step length and adjusted maximum valid step length were predictive of future falls with a sensitivity/specificity of 77%/62% and 70%/69%, respectively. Combining MSL test results with fall history increased sensitivity to 93% and 90%, respectively, but decreased specificity to 54% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The MSL test is a feasible tool, with low requirements in space, predicting future falls in community-dwelling older persons. In combination with history of falls, the sensitivity of the test increased considerably.
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8.
  • Littbrand, Håkan, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program for older people dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities : evaluation of the applicability with focus on cognitive function
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 86:4, s. 489-498
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Knowledge concerning the applicability and the effect of high-intensity exercise programs is very limited for older people with severe cognitive and physical impairments. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living and living in residential care facilities. A second aim was to analyze whether cognitive function was associated with the applicability of the program. SUBJECTS: The subjects were 91 older people (mean age=85.3 years, SD=6.1, range=68-100) who were dependent in personal activities of daily living and randomly assigned to participate in an exercise intervention. Their mean score for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was 17.5 (SD=5.0, range=10-29). METHODS: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program was performed in groups of 3 to 7 participants who were supervised by physical therapists. There were 29 exercise sessions over 13 weeks. Attendance, intensity of lower-limb strength and balance exercises, and occurrence and seriousness of adverse events were the outcome variables in evaluating the applicability of the program. RESULTS: The median attendance rate was 76%. Lower-limb strength exercises with high intensity were performed in a median of 53% of the attended exercise sessions, and balance exercises with high intensity were performed in a median of 73% of the attended exercise sessions. The median rate of sessions with adverse events was 5%. All except 2 adverse events were assessed as minor and temporary, and none led to manifest injury or disease. No significant differences were observed in applicability when comparing participants with dementia and participants without dementia. In addition, there was no significant correlation between applicability and the MMSE score. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program is applicable for use, regardless of cognitive function, among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living, living in residential care facilities, and have an MMSE score of 10 or higher.
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9.
  • Littbrand, Håkan, 1966-, et al. (författare)
  • The effect of a high-intensity functional exercise program on activities of daily living : a randomized controlled trial in residential care facilities
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Journal of The American Geriatrics Society. - : Wiley. - 0002-8614 .- 1532-5415. ; 57:10, s. 1741-1749
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program reduces dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) in older people living in residential care facilities, focusing on people with dementia. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Nine residential care facilities. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety-one older people dependent in ADLs and with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10 or greater. One hundred (52.4%) of the participants had dementia. INTERVENTION: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program or a control activity consisting of 29 sessions over 3 months. MEASUREMENTS: The Barthel ADL Index; follow-up at 3 months (directly after the intervention) and 6 months with intention-to-treat analyses. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding overall ADL performance. Analyses for each item revealed that a smaller proportion of participants in the exercise group had deteriorated in indoor mobility at 3 months (exercise 3.5% vs control 16.0%, P=.01) and 6 months (7.7% vs 19.8%, P=.03). For people with dementia, there was a significant difference in overall ADL performance in favor of the exercise group at 3 months (mean difference 1.1, P=.03) but not at 6 months. CONCLUSION: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program seems to reduce ADL decline related to indoor mobility for older people living in residential care facilities. The program does not appear to have an overall effect on ADLs. In people with dementia, the exercise program may prevent decline in overall ADL performance, but continuous training may be needed to maintain that effect.
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10.
  • Moe-Nilssen, Rolf, et al. (författare)
  • Criteria for evaluation of measurement properties of clinical balance measures for use in fall prevention studies
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 14:2, s. 236-240
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Work Package 3 of the Prevention of Falls Network Europe has evaluated measurement properties of clinical balance measures to be used to: (1) select participants for interventions with the goal to prevent falls in older people, and (2) assess the results of such intervention on balance function.Inclusion in a fall prevention study may be based on measures identifying subjects who have impaired balance or increased risk of future falls. We propose that an appropriate statistical method to analyse discriminative ability of a balance measure is discriminant analysis or logistic regression analysis. The optimal cut‐off score is best determined by plotting a receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve for different cut‐off values. The evaluation of predictors for risk of future falls should be based on a study design with a prospective data collection of falls.Sensitivity to change is a measurement property needed to evaluate the outcome of an intervention. The standardized response mean is frequently encountered in the literature and is recommended as a statistical measure of sensitivity to change in the context of an intervention study.Adequate reliability is a prerequisite for consistent measurement. Relative reliability may be reported as an intraclass correlation coefficient and absolute reliability as the within‐subject standard deviation (sw), also called standard error of measurement. When measurement error is proportional to the score, calculation of a coefficient of variation can be considered.In a second paper, the authors will evaluate clinical balance measures for use in fall prevention studies based upon criteria recommended in this report.
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