| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Conradsson, Mia, et al.
(författare)
-
The Berg Balance Scale : Intra-rater reliability in older people dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the absolute and the relative intra-rater reliability of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) among older people who are dependent in activities of daily living (ADL) and living in residential care facilities.Methods: The participants were 45 older people, 36 females and 9 men, who were dependent in ADL and living in three residential care facilities. Their mean age ± SD was 82.3 ± 6.6 (range 68-96) and mean ± SD of Mini Mental State Examination score was 17.5 ± 6.3 (range 4-30). The BBS was assessed twice by the same assessor, at approximately the same time of day, and with 1-3 days in between. The absolute reliability for the difference in score between the two test occasions was calculated with the Bland and Altman analysis of variance with 95 % confidence level. The relative reliability was calculated with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).Results: For the first test of the BBS, mean ± SD was 30.1 ± 15.9 (range 3-53) points and for the retest 30.6 ± 15.6 (range 4-54). The absolute difference between the two test occasions was in mean ± SD 2.8 ± 2.7 (range 0-11) points. The absolute intra-rater reliability was calculated to 7.7 points and the ICC value was 0.97. Conclusions: Despite a high ICC value, the result of the absolute reliability show that a change of 8 BBS points is required to reveal a genuine change of function among older people who are dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities. This knowledge is important in the clinical setting when evaluating an individual's change in balance function over time.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Littbrand, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect on ADL of a high-intensity functional exercise program among older people dependent in ADL : a randomized controlled trial
- 2007
-
Ingår i: 15th International Congress of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy. - : WCPT.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate if a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program reduces the dependency in personal care and mobility among older people dependent in activities of daily living (ADL), with focus on people with dementia. RELEVANCE: The number of older people with disability increases. Physical functional capacity can be improved by high-intensity exercise program, but there is no strong evidence that physical exercise is an effective method to reduce disability. PARTICIPANTS: 191 older people dependent in ADL, living in residential care facilities, and with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 10 participated in this study (the FOPANU Study). Their mean score ± SD of the Barthel ADL was 13.1±4.2 and 52% of the participants had a diagnosed dementia disease. METHODS: The participants were randomized to a high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program (the HIFE Program) or a control activity, including 29 sessions over 3 months. The Barthel ADL Index, which includes ten items that are summarized to a total score of 20, was used to assess independency in personal care and mobility. The assessments were performed, by persons blinded to the participants’ group allocation, before the intervention, at 3 months (directly after the intervention period), and at 6 months. ANALYSIS: Between-group effects on the total score and each item were analyzed by ANCOVA and by logistic regression, respectively, using the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: When analyzing all participants, there was no statistical significant difference between the groups at 3 or 6 months in total score of the Barthel ADL Index. Analyses for each item revealed that a lower proportion of participants in the exercise group had deteriorated regarding mobility indoors (item 7) at 3 and 6 months (4% and 8%) compared to the control group (16% and 20%), P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively. Among people with dementia, there was a significant difference in total score in favor of the exercise group at 3 months (mean difference 1.1, P = 0.03), but not at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program does not appear to have an overall effect on ADL according to the Barthel ADL Index among older people who are dependent in ADL and living in residential care facilities, but the exercise program seems to have both short- and long-term effect in maintaining mobility indoors. In the subgroup of people with dementia, the exercise program seems to have a short-term overall effect on ADL. IMPLICATIONS: A high-intensity functional weight-bearing exercise program seems to be a promising method to reduce disability regarding mobility indoors for older people living in residential care facilities. For people with dementia, the exercise program may have an overall effect in personal care and mobility but continuously training may be needed to maintain the effect.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Nordin, Ellinor, et al.
(författare)
-
Timed Up&Go Test : Reliability in Older People dependent in Activities of Daily Living - Focus on Cognitive State
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and Purpose: It is unknown how cognitive impairment affects the reliability of Timed Up&Go Test (TUG). The aim of the present study was to investigate the expected variability of Timed Up&Go in older persons, dependent in activities of daily living (ADL), and with different levels of cognitive state. The hypothesis was that cognitive impairment would increase the variability of TUG scores.Subjects: Seventy-eight persons with multiple impairments, dependent in ADL and living in residential-care facilities were included in this study. The subjects were 84.8±5.7 (mean±SD) years old, and their Mini-mental State Examination score was 18.7±5.6. Methods: TUG assessments were performed on three different days. Intra- and inter rater analyses were carried out. Results: Cognitive impairment was not related to the size of the variability of TUG scores. There was a significant relationship between the variability and the time taken to perform TUG (p<0.001). The intraclass correlation were greater than .90, and were similar within and between raters. In repeated measurements at the individual level, an observed value of 10 seconds was expected to vary from 7 to 15 seconds, and an observed value of 40 seconds was expected to vary from 26 to 61 seconds for 95% of the observations. Discussion and Conclusions: The measurement error of a TUG assessment is substantial for a frail, older person dependent in ADL, regardless of the level of cognitive function, when verbal cuing is permitted during testing. The variability increases with the time to perform TUG. Despite high intraclass correlation coefficients, the ranges of expected variability can be wide and are similar within and between raters. Physical therapists should be aware of this variability before they interpret the TUG score for a particular patient.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
