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| 2. |
- Olsson, MIT, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions : Evidence from 37 Countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Political Psychology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0162-895X .- 1467-9221. ; 44:6, s. 1163-1192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women's political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women's (rather than men's) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men's higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men's leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.
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| 3. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 4. |
- Haasen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study : Methodology and prevalence estimates
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 10:4, s. 139-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in the use of cocaine and crack in several parts of Europe has raised the question whether this trend is similar to that of the USA in the 1980s. However, research in the field of cocaine use in Europe has been only sporadic. Therefore, a European multi-centre and multi-modal project was designed to study specific aspects of cocaine and crack use in Europe, in order to develop guidelines for public health strategies. Data on prevalence rates were analysed for the general population and for specific subgroups. Despite large differences between countries in the prevalence of cocaine use in the general population, most countries show an increase in the last few years. The highest rate with a lifetime prevalence of 5.2% was found for the United Kingdom, although with a plateau effect around the year 2000. With regard to specific subgroups, three groups seem to show a higher prevalence than the general population: (1) youth, especially in the party scene; (2) socially marginalized groups, such as homeless and prostitutes or those found in open drug scenes; (3) opiate-dependent patients in maintenance treatment who additionally use cocaine. Specific strategies need to be developed to address problematic cocaine use in these subgroups.
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| 5. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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| 6. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Pavlović, Tomislav, et al.
(författare)
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Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning
- 2022
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Ingår i: PNAS Nexus. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2752-6542 .- 2752-6542. ; 1:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 ( = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution-individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.
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| 8. |
- Prinzleve, M., et al.
(författare)
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Cocaine use in Europe - a multi-centre study : Patterns of use in different groups
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 10:4, s. 147-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The study investigates patterns of cocaine powder and crack cocaine use of different groups in nine European cities. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Multi-centre cross-sectional study conducted in Barcelona, Budapest, Dublin, Hamburg, London, Paris, Rome, Vienna, and Zurich. Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The sample comprises 1,855 cocaine users out of three subgroups: 632 cocaine users in addiction treatment, mainly maintenance treatment; 615 socially marginalized cocaine users not in treatment, and 608 socially integrated cocaine users not in treatment. MEASUREMENTS: Use of cocaine powder, crack cocaine and other substances in the last 30 days, routes of administration, and lifetime use of cocaine powder and crack cocaine. Findings: The marginalized group showed the highest intensity of cocaine use, the highest intensity of heroin use and of multiple substance use. 95% of the integrated group snorted cocaine powder, while in the two other groups, injecting was quite prevalent, but with huge differences between the cities. 96% of all participants had used at least one other substance in addition to cocaine in the last 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: The use of cocaine powder and crack cocaine varies widely between different groups and between cities. Nonetheless, multiple substance use is the predominating pattern of cocaine use, and the different routes of administration have to be taken into account.
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| 9. |
- Huus, Karina, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived needs among parents of children with a mild intellectual disability in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 19:4, s. 307-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parents of children with a mild intellectual disability experience more distress and require more support than other parents. The aim was to investigate the perceived family needs of parents of children with an MID and to investigate the relationship between parents’ perceived self-efficacy in their parental role and in collaborating with professionals as well as with their perceived needs for support. Interviews were based on questionnaires to the parents of 38 children. The results revealed that parents perceived need for information, respite, and venues in which to meet other parents in similar situations. The informational needs were related to parental self-efficacy and obtaining support. A lower need for information was related to higher perceived control over services. In conclusion, it appears that professionals need to work to strengthen parents’ ability to ask for support and to express the needs. Well-informed parents will develop stronger parental self-efficacy and perceived control over services.
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| 10. |
- Biberhofer, P, et al.
(författare)
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Joint CASE Report on Content and Methods for the Joint Master Program on Sustainability-driven Entrepreneurship
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The CASE project develops a joint master program on sustainability-driven entrepreneurship in a university-business knowledge alliance. However, it is not only for the development of the master program that university opens up to consider and integrate further stakeholder perspectives into the process. The future students shall learn in a transdisciplinary learning environment, steadily researching and integrating real-world needs and perspectives to develop competencies that enable them to solve complex sustainability-problems in their further careers. In the CASE project, we aim to avoid the indicated gap between sustainability-oriented, real-world contents and not corresponding pedagogical frameworks. We connect the development of contents and methods in the two interlinked work packages 3 and 4 in terms of process and outcomes (see Figure 1 for an overview of the WPs that contribute to the development of the master program). WP 3 is focusing on relevant content areas for the master program and WP 4 is analyzing innovative methods to foster competencies of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. The output of the two WPs is this joint report describing the joint development process, giving background information on relevant content areas for sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and adequate teaching and learning approaches. In the course of the development process of WP 3 and WP 4 we considered different regional requirements and needs of the universities that are part of the CASE consortium and further stakeholders via participatory multi-stakeholder workshops. In chapter 1.3 we describe this process in detail and particularly elaborate on the multi-stakeholder approach chosen in the CASE project. This development process first covered clustering relevant topics to thematic areas, then structuring these into modules and courses with various teaching formats. Finally, we added recommendations for concrete teaching and learning methods. The report outlines modules for a master program that are designed to foster competencies of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship. Since the overarching aim of the CASE project is to develop a joint master program that can be adopted by various European universities, we are ambitious to create modules which are adaptable and can flexibly be implemented in different regional contexts and under differing conditions of universities. With this report, we are sharing our knowledge and experiences gained so far to make them accessible to HEIs, company partners and all other stakeholders interested in the topic of sustainability-driven entrepreneurship and in innovative teaching and learning methods.
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