| 1. |
- Anniballi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Management of animal botulism outbreaks : From clinical suspicion to practical countermeasures to prevent or minimize outbreaks
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S191-S199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic disease that affects humans, all warm-blooded animals, and some fishes. The disease is caused by exposure to toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum and other botulinum toxin-producing clostridia. Botulism in animals represents a severe environmental and economic concern because of its high mortality rate. Moreover, meat or other products from affected animals entering the food chain may result in a public health problem. To this end, early diagnosis is crucial to define and apply appropriate veterinary public health measures. Clinical diagnosis is based on clinical findings eliminating other causes of neuromuscular disorders and on the absence of internal lesions observed during postmortem examination. Since clinical signs alone are often insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Botulinum antitoxin administration and supportive therapies are used to treat sick animals. Once the diagnosis has been made, euthanasia is frequently advisable. Vaccine administration is subject to health authorities' permission, and it is restricted to a small number of animal species. Several measures can be adopted to prevent or minimize outbreaks. In this article we outline all phases of management of animal botulism outbreaks occurring in wet wild birds, poultry, cattle, horses, and fur farm animals. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Olsson, E E M, et al.
(författare)
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Flow and heat transfer from multiple slot air jets impinging on circular cylinders
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 67:3, s. 273-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents flow and heat transfer predictions of multiple slot air jets impinging on circular cylinders using CFD (computational fluid dynamics). The distribution of Nusselt numbers around the cylinders for different Reynolds numbers (23,000-100,000), distances between the jets, and openings between them was determined for two and three jets and compared to simulations of a single jet. The flow characteristics and the heat transfer distribution around the cylinders are found to be dependent on the distance and the opening between the jets. The interaction between two jets is found to be most advantageous. The heat transfer increases for higher Reynolds number in general; for two jets the heat transfer in the stagnation point is Nu(s) = 0.20Re(0.68). For three jets, the heat transfer distribution is different on the outer cylinders, as compared to the cylinder in the centre. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, E E M, et al.
(författare)
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Heat transfer from a slot air jet impinging on a circular cylinder
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774 .- 1873-5770. ; 63:4, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat transfer from a slot air jet impinging on a cylinder shaped food product placed on a solid surface in a semi-confined area as investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Simulations of a cylinder in cross flow with the k-epsilon, k-omega and SST models in CFX 5.5 were compared with measurements in the literature. The SST model predicts the heat transfer better than the other models and is therefore used in this study. The distribution of the local Nusselt numbers around the cylinder for various Reynolds numbers (23,000-100,000), jet-to-cylinder distances, H/d (2-8), and cylinder curvature, d/D (0.29-1.14) was determined. The results show that the local Nusselt numbers varies around the surface of the cylinder and that the average Nusselt number and the stagnation point Nusselt number increases with increasing Reynolds numbers and surface curvature but has little dependency on the jet-to-cylinder distance. The result is Nu(m) = 0.14Re(0.65)(H/d)(-0.077)(d/D)(0.32) and Nu(s) = 0.46Re(0.59)(H/d)(-0.026)(d/D)(0.32). (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Skarin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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The workshop on animal botulism in europe
- 2013
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Ingår i: Biosecurity and bioterrorism. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1538-7135 .- 1557-850X. ; 11:SUPPL. 1, s. S183-S190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A workshop on animal botulism was held in Uppsala, Sweden, in June 2012. Its purpose was to explore the current status of the disease in Europe by gathering the European experts in animal botulism and to raise awareness of the disease among veterinarians and others involved in biopreparedness. Animal botulism is underreported and underdiagnosed, but an increasing number of reports, as well as the information gathered from this workshop, show that it is an emerging problem in Europe. The workshop was divided into 4 sessions: animal botulism in Europe, the bacteria behind the disease, detection and diagnostics, and European collaboration and surveillance. An electronic survey was conducted before the workshop to identify the 3 most needed discussion points, which were: prevention, preparedness and outbreak response; detection and diagnostics; and European collaboration and surveillance. The main conclusions drawn from these discussions were that there is an urgent need to replace the mouse bioassay for botulinum toxin detection with an in vitro test and that there is a need for a European network to function as a reference laboratory, which could also organize a European supply of botulinum antitoxin and vaccines. The foundation of such a network was discussed, and the proposals are presented here along with the outcome of discussions and a summary of the workshop itself. © 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
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| 8. |
- Baison, John, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) identified novel candidate loci affecting wood formation in Norway spruce
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Plant Journal. - : Wiley. - 0960-7412 .- 1365-313X. ; 100:1, s. 83-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norway spruce is a boreal forest tree species of significant ecological and economic importance. Hence there is a strong imperative to dissect the genetics underlying important wood quality traits in the species. We performed a functional Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of 17 wood traits in Norway spruce using 178101 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated from exome genotyping of 517 mother trees. The wood traits were defined using functional modelling of wood properties across annual growth rings.We applied a LASSO based association mapping method using a functional multi-locus mapping approach that utilizes latent traits, with a stability selection probability method as the hypothesis testing approach to determine significant Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). The analysis provided 52 significant SNPs from 39 candidate genes, including genes previously implicated in wood formation and tree growth in spruce and other species. Our study represents a multi-locus GWAS for complex wood traits in Norway spruce. The results advance our understanding of the genetics influencing wood traits and identifies candidate genes for future functional studies.
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| 9. |
- Bru, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a test method for evaluating the crushing behaviour of unidirectional laminates
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of composite materials. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0021-9983 .- 1530-793X. ; 51:29, s. 4041-4051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More fundamental test methods are needed to assist the development of physically based and truly predictive simulation tools for composite materials under crash conditions. In this paper, a unidirectional flat specimen that can be used to validate the predicted behaviour from a simulation to the physical behaviour in the experiment is developed. A systematic experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the influence of the trigger geometry on the crushing response by selecting two trigger types and different trigger angles. For longitudinal crushing, the traditional bevel trigger leads to out-of-plane failure by splaying with a limited amount of in-plane fracture, while the proposed trigger achieves a high amount of compressive fragmentation failure. For transverse crushing, the symmetry of the proposed new trigger improves the specimen stability during the crushing process. It is also observed that the weft threads of the unidirectional fabric reinforcement used for the tests have a strong influence on the longitudinal crushing response. The boundary conditions of the test and the information on the specimen failure gleaned from video recordings and microscopic inspections are discussed in order to facilitate a future correlation with modelling results.
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| 10. |
- Bru, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Use of the Iosipescu test for the identification of shear damage evolution laws of an orthotropic composite
- 2017
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Ingår i: Composite structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0263-8223 .- 1879-1085. ; 174, s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experimental evaluation of the shear response of fibre-reinforced plies is a requirement for accurate material models predicting progressive damage. In the first part of the paper, the quality of the Iosipescu shear test is investigated with full-field strain measurements and finite element analyses. In the second part, the in-plane and through-thickness shear response of an orthotropic carbon/epoxy uni-weave non-crimp fabric composite are compared, and the stress–strain curves used as input for two continuum damage mechanics models. Both models were able to predict accurately the nonlinear shear behaviour of the material. The model parameters and the damage evolution laws could easily be extracted from cyclic Iosipescu tests.
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