| 1. |
- Abdellah, Tebani, et al.
(author)
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Integration of molecular profiles in a longitudinal wellness profiling cohort.
- 2020
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In: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An important aspect of precision medicine is to probe the stability in molecular profiles among healthy individuals over time. Here, we sample a longitudinal wellness cohort with 100 healthy individuals and analyze blood molecular profiles including proteomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, autoantibodies and immune cell profiling, complemented with gut microbiota composition and routine clinical chemistry. Overall, our results show high variation between individuals across different molecular readouts, while the intra-individual baseline variation is low. The analyses show that each individual has a unique and stable plasma protein profile throughout the study period and that many individuals also show distinct profiles with regards to the other omics datasets, with strong underlying connections between the blood proteome and the clinical chemistry parameters. In conclusion, the results support an individual-based definition of health and show that comprehensive omics profiling in a longitudinal manner is a path forward for precision medicine.
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| 2. |
- Cardell, Lars-Olaf, et al.
(author)
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TOTALL: high cost of allergic rhinitis-a national Swedish population-based questionnaire study.
- 2016
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In: NPJ primary care respiratory medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-1010. ; 26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Allergic rhinitis is a global illness with a well-recognised impact on quality of life and work performance. Comparatively little is known about the extent of its economic impact on society. The TOTALL study estimates the total cost of allergic rhinitis using a sample representing the entire Swedish population of working age. A questionnaire focused on allergic rhinitis was mailed out to a random population of Swedish residents, aged 18-65 years. Health-care contacts, medications, absenteeism (absence from work) and presenteeism (reduced working capacity at work) were assessed, and the direct and indirect costs of allergic rhinitis were calculated. Medication use was evaluated in relation to the ARIA guidelines. In all, 3,501 of 8,001 (44%) answered the questionnaire, and 855 (24%) of these reported allergic rhinitis. The mean annual direct and indirect costs because of allergic rhinitis were €210.3 and €750.8, respectively, resulting in a total cost of €961.1 per individual/year. Presenteeism represented 70% of the total cost. Antihistamines appear to be used in excess in relation to topical steroids, and the use of nasal decongestants was alarmingly high. The total cost of allergic rhinitis in Sweden, with a population of 9.5 million, was estimated at €1.3 billion annually. These unexpectedly high costs could be related to the high prevalence of disease, in combination with the previously often underestimated indirect costs. Improved adherence to guidelines might ease the economic burden on society.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Lars-Olof, 1957, et al.
(author)
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Weighing third-party fairness, efficiency, and self-interest in resource allocation decisions
- 2007
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In: Journal of Economic Psychology. ; , s. 53-68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In two experiments participants allocated a resource between themselves, one privileged, and one unprivileged group. Conflicts were induced between “third party fairness” (difference in payoff to the two groups) and efficient resource use. Experiment 1 employed 42 undergraduates making multi-stage allocation decisions. Fairness was varied at three levels and self-interest, operationalized as the political motive of win votes, at two levels. Adverse effects of fairness on preserving the resource were found. In Experiment 2 another 48 undergraduates performed a similar task. Self-interest was now operationalized as a financial motive. The results showed that participants reduced their resource use when neither fairness nor self-interest was salient. A regression analysis demonstrated consistent adverse effects of fairness on resource use controlling for efficient resource use and total group payoff. It was concluded that fairness causes decision makers to overuse resources, although they are unwilling to totally deplete a resource and will make compromises.
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| 4. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Examining the Use of Subsidies for the Abatement of Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Experimental Simulations
- 2006
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In: European Environment. ; , s. 184-197
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A market experiment was designed to empirically investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. The important issue of whether the subsidy system preserves competitiveness was also examined. In the experiment two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with no subsidy. To simulate the way in which subsidy levels may vary across time in real markets, the effects of high and low uncertainty regarding the subsidy level were also investigated. The results showed that subsidies, whether known and fixed or uncertain and varying, did not erode competition but nevertheless led to higher prices, which resulted in fewer sales. In the control condition a price war resulting in decreasing prices and increasing sales were observed. Several ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sector and other sectors are discussed. It is suggested that subsidies may make the adjustment process toward sustainable production less costly for the regulated parties.
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Experimental simulations of a subsidy system for sustainable production
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system aimed to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. Two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with a control condition without a sub-sidy. The results showed that the subsidies did not erode competition but never-theless led to the setting of higher prices that resulted in fewer sales. In the con-trol condition a price-war led to decreasing prices and increasing sales. The ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sec-tor and other sectors are discussed. Specifically, it is proposed that the subsidy system may complement the newly introduced European Emission Trading Scheme.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Experimental tests of system of governmental subsidies for sustainable production.
- 2005
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In: Paper presented at the 7th Nordic Environmental Social Science (NESS) research conference, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the potential ef-fectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and therefore pro-duction of environmentally harmful products. Two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with a control condition without a subsidy. The results showed that the subsidies did not prevent competition but nevertheless led to the setting of higher prices that resulted in fewer sales. In the control condition a price war led to decreasing prices and increasing sales. The ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sector and other sectors are discussed. Specifically, it is proposed that the subsidy system may complement the newly introduced European Emission Trading Scheme
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Subsidies for sustainable production: Effects of changing subsidy level
- 2005
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the potential ef-fectiveness of a subsidy system aimed at reducing sales and thereby production of environmentally harmful products. In real life it is however likely that a subsidy level will never remain fixed, either nominally or in real value. Producers may also have unreliable perceptions of the subsidy level even if it does not change. Therefore, a subsidy, either fixed and known, varying randomly, or varying sys-tematically across trials, was investigated. The results showed that both fixed and known, as well as varying subsidy levels led to higher prices and thus re-duced sales compared to without a subsidy. Knowledge of a fixed subsidy level or expectations about a subsidy level based on previous trials, appeared to make participants refrain from setting lower prices than the subsidy level. Further-more, the results indicated that participants attempted to maximize their profit by selling to the lowest price, thus they stayed competitive and did not exploit the subsidy.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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The dyadic subsidy game: Effects of uncertain and changing subsidies on price setting
- 2004
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In: Poster presented at the 28th international congress of psychology, Beijing, China..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to reduce sales (production) of environmentally harmful products we investigate the effects of subsidies that compensate producers for what they do not sell. A repeated duopoly price-setting game with imperfect price competition was devised. The results show that higher subsidies led to reduced sales and, as a consequence, higher price, and that uncertainty regarding the size of the subsidy did not change this. Furthermore, competition was not eroded by introducing the subsidy. The results also indicate that the theoretical framework of dyadic price negotiation is applicable to the dyadic subsidy game. We conclude that such a subsidy system may be used as a regulating mechanism in order to reduce sales (and thereby production) of environmentally harmful products or as a tool to restrain the overharvesting of finite resources
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults who present with self-harm : a comparative 6-month follow-up study
- 2022
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: ADHD is common in psychiatric populations. This study aimed to compare clinical characteristics in adults with and without ADHD who presented with self-harm, and to compare later risk of suicidal behaviour within 6 months.Methods: Eight hundred four adults presented with self-harm (with and without suicidal intent) at psychiatric emergency services at three Swedish hospitals. Persons with a discharge ICD-10 diagnosis F90.0-F90.9 or a prescription for ADHD medication were considered to have ADHD (n = 93). Medical records were reviewed for evidence of subsequent suicide attempts (SA) within 6 months; suicides were identified by national register.Results: Recent relationship problems were more prevalent in the ADHD group. While the index episodes of those with ADHD were more often non-suicidal, and actual SAs more often rated as impulsive, medical lethality at presentation did not differ in attempters with and without ADHD. Subsequent SAs (fatal or non-fatal) were observed in 29% of the ADHD group and 20% in all others (P = .005). A logistic regression model showed elevated risk of suicidal behaviour during follow-up in the ADHD group (OR = 1.70, CI 1.05–2.76), although a final regression model suggested that this association was partly explained by age and comorbid emotionally unstable personality disorder.Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for clinicians to take self-harm seriously in adults with ADHD.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Petter, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive Function in Older Suicide Attempters and a Population-Based Comparison Group
- 2016
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In: Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0891-9887 .- 1552-5708. ; 29:3, s. 133-41
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim was to compare cognitive function in older suicide attempters with a population-based comparison group. METHODS: Hospitalized suicide attempters aged 70 years and older were assessed cognitively at baseline (n = 99) and 1-year follow-up (n = 59). Depression symptoms were rated with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Results of cognitive assessments in attempters were compared with results in nonattempter comparison subjects (n = 115) selected among participants in our population-based health studies to yield a similar distribution of MADRS scores. RESULTS: Suicide attempters scored lower on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) than comparison persons. Among attempters, the mean MMSE score was lower in those with medically serious attempts. Attempters displayed poorer performance on tests of pentagon drawing and abstract thinking compared to comparison persons, and the results remained also after exclusion of those with medically serious attempts. At 1-year follow-up, significant improvement in MADRS scores was observed in the attempters. No evidence of improvement could be shown regarding cognitive deficits. CONCLUSION: Older suicide attempters may have cognitive deficits, which may in part be related to the attempt itself. This needs to be taken into account when designing intervention strategies.
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