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| 2. |
- Gidhagen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Towards climate services for European cities : Lessons learnt from the Copernicus project Urban SIS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Urban Climate. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier. - 2212-0955. ; 31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing share of Europe's population living in cities makes urban climate change impact assessment and adaptation a critical issue. The urban environment is characterized by its sensitivity to small-scale meteorological, hydrological and environmental processes. These are generally not fully described in climate models, largely because of the models' insufficient spatial resolution. The Urban SIS climate service offers historical and future simulated data downscaled to 1 km × 1 km resolution over selected European metropolitan areas. The downscaled data are subsequently used as input to air quality and hydrological impact models, all made available to users as Essential Climate Variables and Sectoral Impact Indicators through a web portal. This paper presents the Urban SIS climate service and demonstrates its functionality in a case study in Stockholm city, Sweden. Good model performance was attained for intra-city temperature gradients and small-scale precipitation extremes. Less positive results were obtained for large-scale precipitation and hydrology, mainly due to an insufficient domain size in the meteorological and climate modelling, in turn related to the substantial computational requirements. An uncertainty classification approach was developed to aid the interpretation and user application of the data. We hope our lessons learnt will support future efforts in this direction.
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| 4. |
- Engvall, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Adenosine stress myocardial perfusion detected with CT compared with attenuation-corrected SPECT
- 2011
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Ingår i: EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL SUPPLEMENTS. - : Oxford University Press. ; , s. A31-A31
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To asses adenosine stress myocardial perfusion by cardiac CT and compare with simultaneously performed attenuation corrected SPECT.Methods: 11 patients, 9 men and 2 women >2months post primary PCI, with manifest myocardial damage and remaining stenoses in the coronary circulation, were studied with myocardial perfusion CT under vasodilatory stress. The investigation started with a topogram followed by a testbolus of iodine whereafter the coronary artery study was performed in sequence mode. Adenosine was then infused for at least five minutes at the standard rate of 140ug/kg/min. After three minutes, 6 MBq/kg of 99mTc-tetrofosmin was injected immediately followed by 80ml iodine contrast. The wash-in of iodine was monitored by CT scanning of a 7cm long cardiac volume segment every other second for 22s. One hour after the CT scan, myocardial SPECT was performed. Scanning required the patients to tolerate breath holding for 22s, have a heart rate <80/min and body weight <85kg, and their kidney function should allow 140ml 370mg iodine contrast to be given.Results: All 11 patients tolerated the full adenosine infusion and scanning was successful. One patient could not be analyzed due to noisy images. In two patients, the limited scanning volume did not cover the entire base of the heart. Three patients had no defect on SPECT. Patients with a defect had on average myocardial blood flow 80ml/100ml tissue/min in the defect area and 142ml in the segments with the highest perfusion, while patients without defect had 98 and 141ml, respectively.Conclusion: Peak myocardial perfusion may be determined with CT under adenosine stress and compared with attenuation corrected SPECT. Initial experience shows that the method is sensitive to timing of bolus, to noisy images and results may diverge from those obtained with SPECT.
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| 5. |
- Jansson, Agneta, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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A new polymorphism in the coding region of exon four in HSD17B2 in relation to risk of sporadic and hereditary breast cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 106:1, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ synthesis of oestrogens is of great importance in the development and progression of breast cancer. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 catalyses oxidation from oestradiol to oestrone, and thereby protects the breast epithelial cells from oestradiol. Low expression of 17HSD type 2 has been associated with decreased survival in breast cancer, but no studies have investigated the mechanism behind the low expression. The 17HSD type 2 gene (HSD17B2) was screened for mutations with Single Stranded Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)-DNA sequencing in 59 sporadic breast cancer cases, 19 hereditary breast cancer cases and seven breast cancer cell lines. DNA samples from 226 healthy individuals were used to identify if changes were previously unknown polymorphisms. No mutation was detected and therefore mutations in HSD17B2 do not explain why some breast tumours exhibit low 17HSD type 2 expression. However, a previously unknown polymorphism was found in exon four (Met226Val). Using molecular modelling, we found that the substituted residue is located at the outer part of the steroid binding site, probably causing minor alterations in the substrate binding. We further studied if the polymorphism contributes to breast cancer susceptibility in a larger material, but did not find an increased risk in the group of 317 sporadic breast cancer patients, 188 breast cancer patients with two close relatives with breast cancer or 122 hereditary breast cancer patients, compared to the healthy control group. We suggest that the detected polymorphism does not contribute to a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
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| 6. |
- Olsson, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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HealthSWEDE : costs with sublingual immunotherapy - a Swedish questionnaire study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. - : BMC. - 1710-1484 .- 1710-1492. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The aim of this cross-sectional survey was to compare the health-economic consequences for allergic rhinitis (AR) patients treated with sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) in terms of direct and indirect costs with a reference population of patients receiving standard of care pharmacological therapy. Methods Primary objective was to analyse the health-economic consequences of SLIT for grass pollen allergy in Sweden vs reference group waiting for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). A questionnaire was mailed to two groups of AR patients. Results The questionnaire was distributed to 548 patients, 307 with SLIT and 241 in reference group (waiting for SCIT). Response rate was 53.8%. Mean annual costs were higher for reference patients than SLIT group; euro 3907 (SD 4268) vs euro 2084 (SD 1623) p < 0.001. Mean annual direct cost was higher for SLIT-patients, euro 1191 (SD 465) than for reference, euro 751 (SD 589) p < 0.001. Mean annual indirect costs for combined absenteeism and presenteeism were lower for patients treated with SLIT, euro 912 (SD 1530), than for reference, euro 3346 (SD 4120) p < 0.001, with presenteeism as main driver. Conclusions SLIT seems to be a cost-beneficial way to treat seasonal AR. This information might be used to guide future recommendations.
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| 7. |
- Sjödahl, Gottfrid, et al.
(författare)
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Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 81:5, s. 523-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: For muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), no tissue biomarkers are available for clinical use to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.OBJECTIVE: To investigate how molecular subtypes impact pathological response and survival in patients receiving preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Classification of a retrospective cohort of 149 patients was performed by tumor transcriptomic profiling and immunostaining. A cohort treated with radical cystectomy alone and public data sets were used for comparison and external validation.OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Complete pathological response in the cystectomy specimen (ypT0N0) and survival were compared in predefined molecular subtypes. Differential gene expression and chemotherapy response were explored beyond molecular subtypes.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Patients with genomically unstable (GU) and urothelial-like (Uro) tumors had higher proportions of complete pathological response (16/31 [52%] and 17/54 [31%]), versus five out of 24 (21%) with the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Molecular subtype was independently associated with improved survival for patients with GU tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.79) and UroC tumors (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.94) compared with Ba/Sq tumors, adjusting for clinical stage. In addition, expression of the gene coding for osteopontin (SPP1) showed a subtype-dependent effect on chemotherapy response.CONCLUSIONS: Urothelial cancer of the luminal-like (GU and Uro) subtypes is more responsive to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A second-generation of subtype-specific biomarkers, for example, SPP1, may be a way forward to develop a more precision-based treatment approach for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC.PATIENT SUMMARY: This study shows that tumor classification by gene expression profiling and molecular subtyping can identify patients who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy before radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Together with other markers for response, molecular subtypes could have a role in selective administration of such chemotherapy.
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| 8. |
- Sjödahl, Gottfrid, et al.
(författare)
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Different Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Urothelial Carcinoma Molecular Subtypes.
- 2022
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Ingår i: European urology. - : Elsevier. - 1873-7560 .- 0302-2838. ; 81:5, s. 523-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), no tissue biomarkers are available for clinical use to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.To investigate how molecular subtypes impact pathological response and survival in patients receiving preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy.Classification of a retrospective cohort of 149 patients was performed by tumor transcriptomic profiling and immunostaining. A cohort treated with radical cystectomy alone and public data sets were used for comparison and external validation.Complete pathological response in the cystectomy specimen (ypT0N0) and survival were compared in predefined molecular subtypes. Differential gene expression and chemotherapy response were explored beyond molecular subtypes.Patients with genomically unstable (GU) and urothelial-like (Uro) tumors had higher proportions of complete pathological response (16/31 [52%] and 17/54 [31%]), versus five out of 24 (21%) with the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. Molecular subtype was independently associated with improved survival for patients with GU tumors (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.11-0.79) and UroC tumors (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14-0.94) compared with Ba/Sq tumors, adjusting for clinical stage. In addition, expression of the gene coding for osteopontin (SPP1) showed a subtype-dependent effect on chemotherapy response.Urothelial cancer of the luminal-like (GU and Uro) subtypes is more responsive to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A second-generation of subtype-specific biomarkers, for example, SPP1, may be a way forward to develop a more precision-based treatment approach for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in MIBC.This study shows that tumor classification by gene expression profiling and molecular subtyping can identify patients who are more likely to benefit from chemotherapy before radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Together with other markers for response, molecular subtypes could have a role in selective administration of such chemotherapy.
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| 9. |
- Strannegård, Claes, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Ecosystem Models Based on Artificial Intelligence
- 2022
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Ingår i: 34th Workshop of the Swedish Artificial Intelligence Society, SAIS 2022. - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem models can be used for understanding general phenomena of evolution, ecology, and ethology. They can also be used for analyzing and predicting the ecological consequences of human activities on specific ecosystems, e.g., the effects of agriculture, forestry, construction, hunting, and fishing. We argue that powerful ecosystem models need to include reasonable models of the physical environment and of animal behavior. We also argue that several well-known ecosystem models are unsatisfactory in this regard. Then we present the open-source ecosystem simulator Ecotwin, which is built on top of the game engine Unity. To model a specific ecosystem in Ecotwin, we first generate a 3D Unity model of the physical environment, based on topographic or bathymetric data. Then we insert digital 3D models of the organisms of interest into the environment model. Each organism is equipped with a genome and capable of sexual or asexual reproduction. An organism dies if it runs out of some vital resource or reaches its maximum age. The animal models are equipped with behavioral models that include sensors, actions, reward signals, and mechanisms of learning and decision-making. Finally, we illustrate how Ecotwin works by building and running one terrestrial and one marine ecosystem model.
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| 10. |
- Tao, Qiang, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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D-A(1)-D-A(2) Copolymers with Extended Donor Segments for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Macromolecules. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5835 .- 0024-9297. ; 48:4, s. 1009-1016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Typically a donor-acceptor (D-A) design strategy is used for engineering the bandgap of polymers for solar cells. However, in this work, a series of alternating D-A(1-)D-A(2) copolymers PnTQTI(F) were synthesized and characterized with oligothiophenes (nT, n = 1, 2, 3) as the donor and two electron-deficient moieties, quinoxaline and isoindigo, as the acceptors in the repeating unit. We have studied the influence of the donor segments with different numbers of thiophene units and the effect of the addition of fluorine to the quinoxaline unit of the D-A(1)-D-A(2) polymers. The photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of the polymers were examined via a range of techniques and related to theoretical simulations. On increasing the length of the donor thiophene units, broader absorption spectra were observed in addition to a sequential increase in HOMO levels, while the LUMO levels displayed very small variations. The addition of fluorine to the quinoxaline unit not only decreased the HOMO levels of the resulting polymers but also enhanced the absorption coefficients. A superior photovoltaic performance was observed for the P3TQTI-F-based device with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.0%, which is the highest efficiency for alternating D-A(1)-D-A(2) polymers reported to date. The structureproperty correlations of the PnTQTI(F) polymers demonstrate that varying of the length of the donor segments is a valuable method for designing high-performance D-A(1)-D-A(2) copolymers and highlight the promising nature of D-A(1)-D-A(2) copolymers for efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
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