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- Christiansson, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Studier av sprängskador i Äspö-laboratoriet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bergsprängningskommittén Diskussionsmöte BK 2005. - : Bergsprängningskommittén. ; , s. 139-152
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En ny tunnel med 70 m längd byggdes på 450 m djup i Äspölaboratoriet 2003. Det ställdes speciella krav på begränsning av sprängskadezonens djup med hänsyn till planerade experiment.Tunneln drevs med galleri och bågformad låg pall för att minimera sprängskador i sulan. I huvuddelen av tunneln användes initieringsystemet Nonel MS och LP. I de tre sista salvorna av galleriet testades elektroniksprängkapslar. Skonsamhetsgraden för vägg och tak var normal med en tillåten skadezon på 0,3 m. Däremot tillämpades samma skonsamhetsgrad även för botten. I övrigt användes normal sprängteknik och normala sprängämnen som Dynotex 17 och Dynorex.Arbetet följdes noggrant genom dokumentation av utfört arbete. Vibrationsmätningar utfördes på nära håll samt på stort avstånd, 1,5 km från arbetsplatsen. Språng¬skador har undersökts genom sågning och sprickkartering.Föredraget kommer att presentera projektet, framförallt (1) erfarenheter från vibra¬tionsmätningar av samtliga sprängsalvor (noggrannheten i geofonmätningarna; totala antalet spränghål i salvorna; bomsalvor; avståndet från salvorna och geo¬logiska strukturer), (2) P-vågshastigheten i tunnelns närområde, (3) faktorer som påverkar utvecklingen av sprängskador, och (4) förslag på kontrollåtgärder som kan leda till att begränsa skadezonen i praktiskt tunnelarbete.
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- Gabrielsson, Sebastian
(författare)
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A moral endeavour in a demoralizing context: Psychiatric inpatient care from the perspective of professional caregivers
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patients in psychiatric care experience a need for and expect to develop interpersonal relationships with professional caregivers and to be respected and listened to. Despite demands for care to be person-centred and recovery-oriented, patients experience that psychiatric inpatient care fails to meet their expectations. Nursing research suggest that nurses aspire to engage with and meet the needs of patients, but that the strenuous reality of inpatient care prevents them from doing so. Exploring the content and context of psychiatric inpatient care from the perspective of professional caregivers might provide valuable insights regarding what caregivers do, and more importantly it can aid in understanding why they do what they do.This thesis aimed to explore the content and context of adult psychiatric inpatient care from the perspective of professional caregivers. This was achieved by clarifying the concept of person-centred care in the context of inpatient psychiatry, describing staff members’ reasoning on their choice of action and perceptions of interprofessional collaboration in challenging situations in inpatient psychiatric care settings, and exploring nurses’ experiences of good nursing practice in the specific context of inpatient psychiatry. A systematic review of the literature identified 34 scholarly papers that were analysed using evolutionary concept analysis. Focus group interviews were conducted with 26 professional caregivers and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Individual qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 skilled, relationship-oriented nurses and analysed using an interpretive descriptive approach to qualitative analysis.Reviewing the literature on person-centred care in inpatient psychiatry clarified how person-centred care is expected to result in quality care when interpersonal relationships are used to promote recovery. Professional caregivers’ reasoning on choice of action described different concerns in caregiver-patient interaction resulting in a focus on either meeting patients’ individual needs or solving staff members’ own problems. Describing professional caregivers’ perceptions of interprofessional collaboration suggested that they are being constrained by difficulties in collaborating with each other and a lack of interaction with patients. Exploring nurses’ experiences of good nursing practice revealed how circumstances in the clinical setting affect nurses’ ability to work through relationships. It is argued that these findings describe the workings of two opposing forces in psychiatric inpatient care. The concept of caring as a process forms the basis for discussing the content of care as a moral endeavour in which nurses strive to do good. The concept of demoralizing organizational processes is used to discuss the context of care as demoralizing and allowing for immoral actions.The main conclusions to be drawn are that, from a nursing perspective, nurses in psychiatric inpatient care need to focus on patients’ experiences and needs. For this they need sufficient resources and time to be present and develop relationships with patients.Nurses in psychiatric inpatient care also need to take personal responsibility for their professional practice. Attempts to transform psychiatric care in a person-centred direction must consider all of these aspects and their interrelatedness. Further research on psychiatric inpatient care is needed to understand more about how the content of care relates to the context of care.
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- Ittner, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Swedish Studies on the Extent of Blast Damage after Excavation
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents two recent studies on the extent of blast damage after excavation in crystalline rock. The Swedish Transport Administration and the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) are both under regulations to limit excavation damage during construction of tunnels. SKB is also required to limit the Excavation Damage Zone (EDZ), as this could be a potential flow path for radionuclides in the planned repository for spent nuclear fuel.Presented in this paper are investigations of blast damage from three tunnel sites, a road tunnel, an experimental tunnel in Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory and an underground subway depot.As expected the fractures resulting from the bottom charge are both longer and more frequent then those mapped in the column charge. The results show that the requirement to limit blast damage according to Swedish regulations was fulfilled for the column charge at the three studied sites.
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