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- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(author)
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Impact of Performance of Out-of-Home Activities on Affective and Cognitive Subjective Well-Being
- 2009
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In: IAREP/SABE konferens "Behavioural Economics, Economic Psychology: Theory and Policy", Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada July 7-11 2009..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research shows that at an individual level, both affective and cognitive subjective well-being (SWB) are partly related to stable, possibly genetically determined personality traits. Other research demonstrates that SWB depends on life circumstances. For instance, indivduals with a higher income tend to have a higher SWB, although SWB does not seem to increase in proportion to increases in income over time. Previous research also provides evidence for the impact activity participation has on SWB. In contrast to life circumstances “happening” to people, performance of activities requires effort, and it has been asserted that performance of activities therefore add to SWB by being instrumental in achieving life goals (cognitive SWB). Performance of activities also lead to enjoyable affective experiences (affective SWB). Previous research has targeted activities that people themselves choose because they feel the activities are important to them. In the present study we investigate the impact on SWB of frequent out-of-home activities which people perform because of obligations, needs, or desires. The extent to which performance of such out-of-home activities increase or reduce SWB would be an important input to societal cost-benefit analyses of policies. In a survey of a population-based sample of 1,330 Swedish citizens, we examine the relationships between affective reactions to performing out-of-door activities (work or school; purchase of non-durables; other purchases; participating in sports, exercise or outdoor activities; participating in hobby, religious, course or club activities; visiting relatives or friends; visiting restaurant, café or entertainment/culture events; picking up or leaving children at school or day-care centre; participating in children’s leisure activities) and their impact on weekly affective SWB, global affective SWB and cognitive SWB. Multiple linear regression analyses yielded effects on SWB of socio-demographic variables (sex, age, income, education, urban vs rural residential area, marital status, children, and employment) consistent with previous research. Most variance was accounted for in cognitive SWB (7%), next most (3%) in global affective SWB and least in weekly affective SWB (2%). In contrast, reported affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities in the previous week accounted for most variance (30%) in weekly affective SWB, next most (21%) in global affective SWB, and least (12%) in cognitive SWB. The effects of performance of activities on cognitive SWB were fully mediated by global affective SWB and the effects on the latter partially mediated by weekly affective SWB. Approximately 1% to 3 % of the variance in SWB accounted for by the sociodemographic variables was mediated by the affective reactions to performing the out-of-home activities. Taken together the results demonstrate how much more relative to life circumstances SWB depends on enjoyment in performing everyday activities. Furthermore, even though activities or episodes representing enjoyable peak events are better remembered by people and therefore has a positive impact, enjoying the hassles of everyday life appears to also have an important impact on SWB.
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| 2. |
- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Affective-symbolic and instrumental-independence psychological motives mediating effects of socio-demographic variables on daily car use
- 2011
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In: JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY. - 0966-6923. ; 19:1, s. 33-38
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An empirical study investigates the extent to which affective–symbolic and instrumental–independencepsychologicalmotives mediate effects of socio-demographicvariables on dailycar use in Sweden. Questionnaire data from a mail survey to 1134 car users collected in 2007 were used to assess the relationships dailycar use as driver or passenger have to sex, household type (single or cohabiting with or without children), and residential area (urban, semi-rural or rural). Reliable measures of affective–symbolic and instrumental–independencemotives were constructed. The results show that households with children use the car more than households with no children, that men make more car trips as drivers than women who use the car as passenger more than men, and that households living in rural areas use the car more than households living in semi-rural areas who use the car more than households living in urban areas. An affective–symbolicmotive partially mediates the relationship between the number of weekly car trips and sex, the instrumental–independencemotive partially mediates the relationships between weekly car use and percent car use as driver and several of the socio-demographicvariables (living in urban vs. rural residential area for both measures; sex and living in urban vs. semi-rural residential area for percent car use as driver). Of several other socio-demographicvariables (age, employment, and income) affecting car use, only the relationship of the number of cars to percent car use as driver was (partially) mediated by the instrumental–independencemotive.
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| 4. |
- Jakobsson Bergstad, Cecilia, 1967, et al.
(author)
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Influences of affect associated with routine out-of-home activities on subjective well-being
- 2012
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In: Applied Research in Quality of Life. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 1871-2584 .- 1871-2576. ; 7:1, s. 49-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A survey of a random sample of 1,330 Swedish residents assessed the relationships between affect associated with performance of routine out-of-home activities, mood, and judgments of life satisfaction (cognitive subjective wellbeing, CSWB). Regression analyses showed that sociodemographic variables accounted for most variance in CSWB (7%) and least in mood (2%). In agreement with previous research, CSWB increased with income, employment, and cohabiting with a spouse, and had a U-formed relationship with age. Affect associated with routine activities accounted for more variance than the socio-demographic variables in mood (30%) and in CSWB (13%). Mood partially mediated the effect on CSWB of affect associated with the activities. The results suggest that future policy-related research should consider the possibility that community-provided resources that facilitate performance of routine out-of-home activities would increase life satisfaction
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(author)
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Car-use, Satisfaction with Travel and Subjective Well-Being
- 2009
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In: 12th International Conference on Travel Behaviour Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. December 13-18, 2009..
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract: Previous research demonstrates an impact on subjective well-being (SWB) of affect associated with routine performance of out-of-home activities. A primary aim of the present study is to investigate whether satisfaction with daily travel has a positive impact on SWB, either directly or indirectly through facilitating the performance of out-of-home activities. A secondary aim is to determine whether the use of the car results in higher satisfaction with daily travel than other travel modes, either for emotional and symbolic reasons or because performance of the activities is facilitated. A survey of a population-based sample of 1,330 Swedish citizens included measures of car access and use, satisfaction with daily travel, satisfaction with performance of out-of-home routine activities, and affective and cognitive SWB. The results confirmed that the effect on affective and cognitive SWB of satisfaction with daily travel is both direct and indirect via satisfaction with performance of activities. Percent weekly car use had a small effect on satisfaction with daily travel and on affective SWB, fully mediating the effect of satisfaction with performance of the activities. This speaks to that car use plays a minor role for satisfaction with daily travel and its effect on SWB. This role may be larger if measurements are made after an enforced reduced car use.
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