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Sökning: WFRF:(Olsson Tommy) > Söderberg Stefan

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1.
  • Andersson, Jonas, 1969- (författare)
  • Adipose tissue as an active organ : blood flow regulation and tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism
  • 2011
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background: Despite advances in the treatment of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. With the population getting older and more obese, the burden of cardiovascular disease may further increase. Premenopausal women are relatively protected against cardiovascular disease compared to men, but the reasons for this sex difference are partly unknown. Redistribution of body fat from peripheral to central depots may be a contributing factor. Central fat is associated with hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. Two possible mediators of these metabolic disturbances are tissue-specific production of the stress hormone cortisol and adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF). The aim of this thesis was to determine the adipose tissue production of cortisol by the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and to investigate the regulation of ATBF. Materials and Methods: Cortisol release was estimated by labeled cortisol infusions and tissue-specific catheterizations of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in men. We investigated ATBF by 133Xe-washout and its relation to autonomic activity, endothelial function, adipose tissue distribution, and adipokines in different groups of women. We further investigated the effect of two diets and of weight loss on ATBF in women. Results: We demonstrated significant cortisol release from subcutaneous adipose tissue in humans. Splanchnic cortisol release was accounted for entirely by the liver. Cortisol release from VAT (to the portal vein) was not detected. ATBF decreased according to increasing weight and postmenopausal status, and the level of blood flow was associated with nitric oxide (NO) activity and autonomic activity. ATBF was also highly associated with leptin levels and both subcutaneous adipose tissue and VAT areas. After 6 months of diet and weight reduction, a significant difference in ATBF was observed between diet groups. Conclusions: Our data for the first time demonstrate the contributions of cortisol generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral tissues, and liver by 11β-HSD1. ATBF is linked to autonomic activity, NO activity, and the amount of adipose tissue (independent of fat depot). Postmenopausal overweight women exhibited a loss of ATBF flexibility, which may contribute to the metabolic dysfunction seen in this group. Weight loss in a diet program could not increase the ATBF, although there were ATBF differences between diet groups. The results will increase understanding of adipose tissue biology and contribute to the development of treatment strategies targeting obesity and obesity-related disorders.
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2.
  • Andersson, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Association of adipose tissue blood flow with fat depot sizes and adipokines in women
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 36:6, s. 783-789
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To explore possible associations between adipose tissue (AT) blood flow (ATBF), AT depot sizes and adipocyte-derived hormones (adipokines) in women.Subjects: In all, 43 healthy women were divided into four groups: normal-weight (n=11) and obese (n=11) pre-menopausal women and normal-weight (n=10) and obese (n=11) post-menopausal women.Methods: Fasting levels of adipokines were obtained, and a single-slice computed tomography scan at the level of L4-L5 was used to estimate fat depot sizes. ATBF was assessed by xenon washout while in a fasting state and after oral glucose load. We also measured glucose, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids.Results: Total, subcutaneous and visceral AT areas strongly correlated with ATBF (all P<0.001). Circulating leptin levels strongly and inversely correlated with ATBF (P=0.001), but this association did not remain after adjustment for body mass index. Adiponectin was not associated with blood flow.Conclusion: ATBF is closely linked to subcutaneous and visceral AT size. Further analyses are needed to determine possible mediators of this association, including mechanistic studies to assess a putative role for leptin as a significant modulator of blood flow. International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 26 July 2011; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.152.
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3.
  • Crawford, Andrew A., et al. (författare)
  • Morning plasma cortisol as a cardiovascular risk factor : findings from prospective cohort and Mendelian randomization studies
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 181:4, s. 429-438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The identification of new causal risk factors has the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction and the development of new treatments to reduce CVD deaths. In the general population, we sought to determine whether cortisol is a causal risk factor for CVD and coronary heart disease (CHD).Design and methods: Three approaches were adopted to investigate the association between cortisol and CVD/CHD. First, we used multivariable regression in two prospective nested case-control studies (total 798 participants, 313 incident CVD/CHD with complete data). Second, a random-effects meta-analysis of these data and previously published prospective associations was performed (total 6680 controls, 696 incident CVD/CHD). Finally, one- and two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed (122,737 CHD cases, 547,261 controls for two-sample analyses).Results: In the two prospective nested case-control studies, logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, BMI, smoking and time of sampling, demonstrated a positive association between morning plasma cortisol and incident CVD (OR: 1.28 per 1 SD higher cortisol, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54). In the meta-analysis of prospective studies, the equivalent result was OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31. Results from the two-sample Mendelian randomization were consistent with these positive associations: OR: 1.06, 95% Cl: 0.98-1.15.Conclusions: All three approaches demonstrated a positive association between morning plasma cortisol and incident CVD. Together, these findings suggest that elevated morning cortisol is a causal risk factor for CVD. The current data suggest strategies targeted at lowering cortisol action should be evaluated for their effects on CVD.
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4.
  • Eriksson, Maria, 1965- (författare)
  • Adipocyte-derived hormones and cardiovascular disease
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Obesity is increasing globally and related to major changes in lifestyle. This increase is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Knowledge about adipose tissue as a metabolic-endocrine organ has increased during the last few decades. Adipose tissue produces a number of proteins with increased body weight, many of which are important for food intake and satiety, insulin sensitivity, and vessel integrity, and aberrations have been related to atherosclerosis. Notably, the risk for developing CVD over the course of a lifetime differs between men and women. In Northern Sweden, men have a higher risk for myocardial infarction (MI). However, the incidence is declining in men but not in women. These sex differences could be due to functional and anatomical differences in the fat mass and its functions. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate associations between the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin, and fibrinolysis and other variables associated with the metabolic syndrome, and particularly whether these associations differ between men and women. Another aim was to evaluate these associations during physical exercise and pharmacological intervention (i.e. enalapril). Finally, whether leptin and adiponectin predict a first MI or sudden cardiac death with putative sex differences was also investigated. The first study used a cross-sectional design and included 72 men and women  recruited from the WHO MONICA project. We found pronounced sex differences in the associations with fibrinolytic variables. Leptin was associated with fibrinolytic factors in men, whereas insulin resistance was strongly associated with all fibrinolytic factors in women. The second study was an experimental observational study with 20 men exposed to strenuous physical exercise. During exercise, leptin levels decreased and adiponectin levels increased, and both were strongly associated with an improved fibrinolytic capacity measured as decreased PAI-1 activity. Changes in insulin sensitivity were not associated with changing adiponectin levels. The third study was a randomised, double-blind, single centre clinical trial including 46 men and 37 women who had an earlier MI. The study duration was one year, and participating subjects were randomised to either placebo or ACE inhibitor (i.e. enalapril). Circulating leptin levels were not associated with enalapril treatment. During the one-year study, changes in leptin levels were associated with changes in circulating levels of tPA mass, PAI-1 mass, and tPA-PAI complex in men, but not vWF. These associations were found in all men and men on placebo treatment. In women on enalapril treatment there was an association between changes in leptin and changes in vWF. In the fourth study, the impact of leptin, adiponectin, and their ratio on future MI risk or sudden cardiac death was tested in a prospective nested casecontrol study within the framework of the WHO MONICA, Västerbotten Intervention Project (VIP), and Västerbotten  Mammary Screening Program (MSP). A total 564 cases (first-ever MI or sudden cardiac death) and 1082 matched controls were selected. High leptin, low adiponectin, and a high leptin/adiponectin ratio independently predicted a first-ever MI, possibly with higher risk in men in regards to leptin. The association was found for non-fatal cases with ST-elevation MI. Subjects with low adiponectin levels had their MI earlier than those with high levels. In conclusion, the adipocyte-derived hormones leptin and adiponectin are related to the development of CVD with a sex difference, and fibrinolytic mechanisms could be possible contributors to CVD risk.
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6.
  • Gonzalez, Manuel Cruz, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Hyperleptinemia is associated with altered endothelial function
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Introduction The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Leptin effects on vascular endothelium may be a key mediator although contradictory results have been presented. We aimed to explore the effects of leptin on endothelial vasomotor and fibrinolytic function in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease.Methods and Results The vascular effects of leptin were assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography in healthy volunteers (n=17) and in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) (n=83). In healthy male volunteers, intra-arterial infusion of recombinant human leptin (80, 800 and 8,000 ng/min; n=10) did not affect forearm blood flow or plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentrations (all P>0.05).  However, during concomitant co-infusion with leptin (800 ng/min; n=10), induced vasodilatation was reduced (P=0.001), and tPA activity increased (P=0.002). In line with this, patients with coronary heart disease included in the highest tertile of plasma leptin concentrations had reduced substance P-induced vasodilatation (P<0.001), and increased tPA antigen and activity release (p<0.001 and p=0.03 respectively) compared to those in the lowest tertile.Conclusions Although leptin does not directly affect basal vascular function, acute local and chronic systemic hyperleptinemia are associated with altered endothelial function in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease respectively. These results support hyperleptinemia as a link between obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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7.
  • Hägg, S, et al. (författare)
  • Leptin concentrations are increased in subjects treated with clozapine or conventional antipsychotics.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. - 0160-6689 .- 1555-2101. ; 62:11, s. 843-848
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Overweight is a considerable clinical problem in patients treated with antipsychotic agents. Recent results suggest that insulin resistance with increased insulin levels is also associated with treatment with the atypical antipsychotic agent clozapine. Leptin is important for the control of body weight and has been proposed to be a link between obesity and the insulin resistance syndrome. This study examined if clozapine-treated subjects and subjects treated with conventional antipsychotics had increased leptin levels compared with the general population and whether there was a gender difference in this respect.METHOD: Clozapine-treated patients (N = 41), patients treated with conventional antipsychotic drugs (N = 62), and healthy subjects from the Northern Sweden Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA) project (N = 189) were investigated with a cross-sectional study design. Weight, body mass index (BMI), and plasma leptin concentrations were measured, and all study subjects were investigated for the presence of diabetes mellitus. Drug treatment, health status, and smoking habits were registered.RESULTS: After adjustment for gender, BMI, smoking habits, age, and diabetes, hyperleptinemia was independently (p < .001) associated with clozapine treatment and with treatment with conventional antipsychotics (p < .005) within a multiple regression analysis. In separate multiple regression analyses, leptin levels were significantly associated with clozapine treatment in men (p = .002) and women (p =.023) and with conventional antipsychotic treatment in men (p = .027) but not in women.CONCLUSION: Treatment with clozapine as well as with conventional antipsychotics is associated with increased levels of circulating leptin. Hyperleptinemia can be an important link in the development of overweight and the insulin resistance syndrome in subjects receiving antipsychotic drugs, especially atypical agents like clozapine.
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8.
  • Kaaks, R, et al. (författare)
  • Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 12:4, s. 309-315
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Despite strong indirect evidence that androgens stimulate prostate cancer development, data from most analytical studies on this association have been negative. To further investigate this issue, we studied the interrelationships between androgenicity and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin and leptin. Within a prospective cohort study, we measured testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1, IGFBP-3, insulin and leptin, in plasma from 149 cases and 298 controls. Testosterone correlated positively with SHBG, whereas testosterone and SHBG correlated inversely with IGF-I, IGFBP-3, insulin, leptin and body mass index (BMI). Indices of free testosterone showed an inverse linear correlation with leptin (P<0.01), and a strong drop in the 5th quintile of BMI. However, levels of free testosterone showed non-linear relationships over quintiles of insulin and IGF-I, with a significant increase in the second quintile of IGF-I compared with other levels. The absence of an association between plasma levels of androgens and prostate cancer risk in analytical studies, despite the strong indirect evidence of their tumour-stimulating effects, may reflect the complex and mostly inverse associations of androgenicity to IGF-I, insulin and leptin which are hormones that have also been implicated as risk factors for prostate cancer.
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10.
  • Lilja, Mikael, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Trends in obesity and its distribution : data from the Northern Sweden MONICA survey, 1986–2004
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 16:5, s. 1120-1128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Obesity, especially abdominal, is a risk factor for many diseases. This study explored trends in theprevalence of general and abdominal obesity, 1986–2004, in northern Sweden. Methods and Procedures: Cross-sectional population surveys were performed in 1986, 1990, 1994, 1999, and 2004;250 men and 250 women aged 25−34, 35−44, 45−54, and 55−64 years (from 1994, also 65−74 years) were randomlyselected; the overall participation rate was 77%. Anthropometric data were used. Results: Weight and BMI increased in all men, most significantly in men aged 25−64 years (P < 0.0005). Weightincreased in women aged 25−64 years (P < 0.005) and BMI in women aged 25−44 years (P < 0.005). Prevalence ofobesity (BMI≥ 30) increased significantly in men aged 25−44 and 55−74 years (P < 0.005; for men 65−74 years old,P< 0.05) and in women aged 25−44 years (P < 0.005). Waist circumference decreased significantly between 1986and 1990 in all women (P < 0.005) and in men aged 55−64 years (P < 0.05). After 1990 waist circumference increased, most markedly so in women; by 2004 circumference measurements for women, and for men aged 55−64 years, were equal to those of 1986, while for men aged 25−54 years they were higher. Prevalence of abdominal obesity has increased since 1990, most markedly so in women aged 45−64 years (P < 0.0005). Discussion: The rapid increase in both general and central obesity raises concern for the future; increasing abdominalobesity in women is particularly alarming.
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