| 3. |
- Nilsson, Kent W., et al.
(författare)
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Genotypes Do Not Confer Risk For Delinquency ut Rather Alter Susceptibility to Positive and Negative Environmental Factors : Gene-Environment Interactions of BDNF Val66Met, 5-HTTLPR, and MAOA-uVNTR
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1461-1457 .- 1469-5111. ; 18:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous evidence of gene-by-environment interactions associated with emotional and behavioral disorders is contradictory. Differences in findings may result from variation in valence and dose of the environmental factor, and/or failure to take account of gene-by-gene interactions. The present study investigated interactions between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met), the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) polymorphisms, family conflict, sexual abuse, the quality of the child-parent relationship, and teenage delinquency. Methods: In 2006, as part of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vastmanland, Sweden, 1 337 high-school students, aged 1718 years, anonymously completed questionnaires and provided saliva samples for DNA analyses. Results: Teenage delinquency was associated with two-, three-, and four-way interactions of each of the genotypes and the three environmental factors. Significant four-way interactions were found for BDNF Val66Met x 5-HTTLPRxMAOA-uVNTR x family conflicts and for BDNF Val66Met x 5-HTTLPRxMAOA-uVNTR x sexual abuse. Further, the two genotype combinations that differed the most in expression levels (BDNF Val66Met Val, 5-HTTLPR LL, MAOA-uVNTR LL [girls] and L [boys] vs BDNF Val66Met Val/Met, 5-HTTLPR S/LS, MAOA-uVNTR S/SS/LS) in interaction with family conflict and sexual abuse were associated with the highest delinquency scores. The genetic variants previously shown to confer vulnerability for delinquency (BDNF Val66Met Val/Met x 5-HTTLPR S x MAOA-uVNTR S) were associated with the lowest delinquency scores in interaction with a positive child-parent relationship. Conclusions: Functional variants of the MAOA-uVNTR, 5-HTTLPR, and BDNF Val66Met, either alone or in interaction with each other, may be best conceptualized as modifying sensitivity to environmental factors that confer either risk or protection for teenage delinquency.
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| 4. |
- Todkar, Aniruddha, et al.
(författare)
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Serotonin transporter genotype by environment : Studies on alcohol use and misuse in non-human and human primates
- 2013
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Ingår i: Translational Neuroscience. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-3856 .- 2081-6936. ; 4:2, s. 241-250
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Much evidence indicates that gene-by-environment interactions (GxE) play a role in alcohol misuse. It has been proposed that interactions between serotonin and stress confer vulnerability for alcohol misuse. The present review examined studies of the interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events and alcohol-related phenotypes, in rhesus monkeys and humans. Ten studies were found that had investigated the interaction of 5-HTTLPR and various measures of stress and alcohol use or misuse, two studies of rhesus monkeys, and eight of humans. The results are contradictory. Important differences were reported in study samples, experimental designs, measures used to assess environmental variables, definitions and measurements of alcohol-related phenotypes, and in the statistical analyses. These differences may explain the contradictory results. Guidelines for future studies are suggested. Results are discussed in light of findings from molecular, non-human animal, and clinical studies. The review highlights the need for future studies examining associations of interactions between the serotonin transporter gene and environmental factors and alcohol misuse, especially in samples followed over time.
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