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- Fridén, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low-carbohydrate high polyunsaturated fat diet or a healthy Nordic diet versus usual care on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial (NAFLDiet)
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Previous trials have shown that plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fat reduces liver fat, a prerequisite for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The effect on liver fat from a novel “anti-lipogenic diet” replacing carbohydrates with PUFA or a healthy Nordic diet (HND) higher in whole-grains but lower in saturated fat has not yet been examined. Objectives: To investigate the effects on changes in liver fat (primary outcome) and other cardiometabolic risk factors after 12 months of follow-up in individuals with prediabetes or T2D from three different diet comparisons: a low carbohydrate high PUFA (LCPUFA) diet versus a HND, a LCPUFA diet versus usual care (UC) and a HND versus UC. Methods: A three-arm parallel ad libitum randomized trial was conducted. Adult men and women (n=148) were randomized to one of the three diet groups. Participants in all groups received key food items on a monthly/bimonthly basis. Liver fat and cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed at baseline and after 12 months. Dietary adherence was assessed using weighed food diaries and objective biomarkers. General linear models were employed to estimate the intention-to-treat (ITT) effect. Results: Dietary adherence was high for all diet groups. Liver fat was reduced to a similar extent in the LCPUFA and the HND group compared to UC (-1.46% (95% CI: -2.42, -0.51)) and -1.76 % (95% CI: -2.96, -0.57), respectively. No difference in liver fat between LCPUFA and HND was observed. Body weight and HbA1c decreased more in the HND compared to the other diet groups whereas no differences were observed between LCPUFA and UC. Similar reductions in LDL-cholesterol were observed for the HND and the LCPUFA group compared to UC, but only the HND reduced triglycerides and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with UC. No differences were observed for any other secondary outcomes.Conclusions: A LCPUFA diet and a HND both reduced liver fat as compared with UC. Given the sustained weight loss after the HND compared to the other groups, together with improvements in other cardiometabolic markers, the HND in particular seems to be useful for the treatment of T2D and NAFLD.
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| 3. |
- Yi-Ting, Lin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Association of the gut microbiome composition with 24-hour blood pressure measurements in 4,459 participants from the SCAPIS cohort
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundHypertension is a multifactorial condition affected by genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have indicated a link between gut microbiome characteristics and blood pressure regulation but studies were limited by small sample size, restriction to office measurements, and/or using amplicon sequencing techniques, limiting taxonomic resolution and functional profiling. This study aims to examine the relationship between the gut microbiome composition measured with deep shotgun metagenomics and blood pressure measured over 24 hours.MethodsWe analyzed data from 4,459 participants without antihypertensive medication from two sites of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS). In the first step, we assessed the association of each metagenomic species with mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure in regression models adjusting for age, sex, country of birth, plate effect and microbiota richness, in 3,480 participants from Uppsala. Species identified in the first step were assessed for replication in the 879 participants from Malmö/Lund. As a second step, we applied models additionally adjusted for smoking, renal function, and diabetes mellitus.ResultsWe found Dorea longicatena to be positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in fully adjusted models and Alistipes sp. 6CPBBH3, to be negatively associated. Dorea longicatena and Alistipes family have previously both been linked to metabolic outcomes. Moreover, we found Roseburia faecis and Collinsella aerofaciens to be positively associated with mean systolic blood pressure, and Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Coprococcus comes, and Clostridium sp. TM06-18 positively with mean diastolic blood pressure in the fully adjusted analysis. ConclusionsIn the large, well characterized population-based study SCAPIS, we found specific bacterial species associated with blood pressure. Further studies are needed to understand the causal mechanisms.
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