| 1. |
- Paramonova, Svetlana, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying the extended energy efficiency gap : - evidence from Swedish electricity-intensive industries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 51, s. 472-483
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy efficiency is one of the major means of reducing CO2 emissions resulting from industrial use of energy. Both from a societal as well as business perspective it is of great importance to reduce industrial energy end use (EEU). The implementation of energy-efficient technologies as well as increased focus on energy management practices has been stated by previous research to be the two most important methods of improved industrial energy efficiency. To date, however, there are few (if any) studies that have analyzed the proportion of industrial energy savings that derive from implementation of new technology versus from continuous energy management practices. By analyzing substantial data from the Swedish PFE program this paper aims to quantify what previously has been referred to as the extended energy efficiency gap. Results show that about 61% of the analyzed 1254 energy efficiency measures are derived from the implementation of new technology, and the rest stems from management and operational measures. The results presented in this paper are of outmost importance for industrial energy managers and energy auditors as well as industrial associations and policy-makers in order to cost-effectively address these no-regret measures.
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| 3. |
- Sternad, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Towards systems beyond 3G based on adaptive OFDMA transmission
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE. - 0018-9219 .- 1558-2256. ; 95:12, s. 2432-2455
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- High data rates, high spectral efficiency, flexibility, and low delays over the air interface will be important features in next-generation wireless systems. The overall challenge will be packet scheduling and adaptive radio transmission for multiple users, via multiple antennas and over frequency-selective wideband channels. This problem needs to be structured to obtain feasible solutions. The basic simplifying assumptions used here are clustering of antennas into cells, orthogonal transmission by use of cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and a time-scale separation view of the total link adaptation, scheduling and intercell coordination problem. Based on these assumptions, we survey techniques that adapt the transmission to the temporal, frequency, and spatial channel properties. We provide a systematic overview of the design problems, such as the dimensioning of the allocated time-frequency resources, the influence of duplexing schemes, adaptation control issues for downlinks and uplinks, timing issues, and their relation to the required performance of channel predictors. Specific design choices are illustrated by recent research within the Swedish Wireless IP program and the EU IST-WINNER project. The presented results indicate that high-performance adaptive OFDM transmission systems are indeed feasible, also for challenging scenarios that involve vehicular velocities, high carrier frequencies, and high bandwidths
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