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Sökning: WFRF:(Overvad K.) > Chalmers tekniska högskola

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1.
  • Eriksen, Anne K., et al. (författare)
  • Pre-diagnostic plasma enterolactone concentrations are associated with lower mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a case-cohort study in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 62:6, s. 959-969
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aims/hypothesis: The phytoestrogen enterolactone is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite of plant lignans with suggested beneficial properties for health. In the current study, we investigated the association between pre-diagnostic plasma enterolactone concentrations and mortality among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In a population of people diagnosed with diabetes, nested within the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort, we conducted a case-cohort study including a random sample of n = 450 cases (deceased) and a randomly selected subcohort of n = 850 (in total n = 617 deaths). Information on diagnosis, vital status and cause of death was obtained from Danish registers. Cox proportional hazard models with special weighting were applied to assess all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results: The median enterolactone concentration of the current population was low, 10.9 nmol/l (5th percentile to 95th percentile: 1.3–59.6), compared with previously reported concentrations from the Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Pre-diagnostic enterolactone concentrations were associated with lower all-cause mortality when assessed linearly per doubling in concentration (log 2 ) (HR 0.91 [95% CI 0.85, 0.96]) and according to quartiles (HR 0.63 [95% CI 0.48, 0.84]) for the highest quartile of enterolactone compared with the lowest quartile. For cause-specific mortality, only death from diabetes (registered as underlying cause of death) reached statistical significance. Conclusions/interpretation: Based on this large cohort of people with diabetes with detailed and complete baseline and follow-up information, pre-diagnostic enterolactone concentrations were inversely associated with mortality. To our knowledge, this is the first study on enterolactone and type 2 diabetes mortality. Our findings call for further exploration of enterolactone in type 2 diabetes management.
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2.
  • Eriksen, Anne Kirstine, et al. (författare)
  • Prediagnostic enterolactone concentrations and mortality among Danish men diagnosed with prostate cancer
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 71:10, s. 1235-1240
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence on the role of diet in relation to prostate cancer progression is sparse. Foods rich in lignans have shown beneficial effects on prostate cancer progression in both animal studies and small human intervention studies, including beneficial effects on prostate-specific antigen levels and tumour growth. The lignan metabolite, enterolactone, has further shown to slow prostate cancer cell growth in vitro. The aim was to investigate the association between prediagnostic enterolactone concentrations and mortality among men with prostate cancer. SSUBLJECTS/METHODS: Prediagnostic plasma concentrations of enterolactone from 1390 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort were related to all-cause or prostate cancer-specific death, using Cox proportional hazards models with follow-up time (from the date of diagnose until the date of death, emigration or end of follow-up by December 2013) as the underlying time axis. RESULTS: The hazard ratios for enterolactone concentrations assessed linearly by 20 nmol/l increments was 0.95 (0.90, 1.02) for all-cause mortality and 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) for prostate cancer-specific mortality. Categorisation of enterolactone concentrations into quartiles did not reveal a different pattern. No effect modifications by smoking, body mass index or sport were observed, and the associations did not differ by prostate cancer aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between enterolactone concentrations and mortality among men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
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3.
  • Sen, Abhijit, et al. (författare)
  • Coffee and tea consumption and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 144:2, s. 240-250
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The epidemiological evidence regarding the association of coffee and tea consumption with prostate cancer risk is inconclusive, and few cohort studies have assessed these associations by disease stage and grade. We examined the associations of coffee (total, caffeinated and decaffeinated) and tea intake with prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Among 142,196 men, 7,036 incident prostate cancer cases were diagnosed over 14 years of follow-up. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected through validated country-specific food questionnaires at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Models were stratified by center and age, and adjusted for anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary factors. Median coffee and tea intake were 375 and 106 mL/day, respectively, but large variations existed by country. Comparing the highest (median of 855 mL/day) versus lowest (median of 103 mL/day) consumers of coffee and tea (450 vs. 12 mL/day) the HRs were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.94–1.09) and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.90–1.07) for risk of total prostate cancer and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.79–1.21) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.70–1.13) for risk of fatal disease, respectively. No evidence of association was seen for consumption of total, caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee or tea and risk of total prostate cancer or cancer by stage, grade or fatality in this large cohort. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether an association exists by different preparations or by concentrations and constituents of these beverages.
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4.
  • Biskup, I., et al. (författare)
  • Whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes Reply
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 104:6, s. 1723-1724
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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5.
  • Gotfredsen, Johanne Louise, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of substitution dietary guidelines targeted at prevention of IHD on dietary intake and risk factors in middle-aged Danish adults: the Diet and Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease: a Translational Approach (DIPI) randomised controlled trial
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 126:8, s. 1179-1193
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective was to investigate the effects of substitution (SUB) dietary guidelines (DG) targeted at prevention of ischemic heart disease (IHD) on dietary intake and IHD risk factors in Danish adults with minimum one self-assessed IHD risk factor. A 6-month single-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial with a follow-up at month 12 included 219 subjects (median age 51 years, 59% female, 73 % overweight or obese) randomised into a SUB DG, an official (OFF) DG or a control group following their habitual diet (HAB). Participants in the DG intervention groups received bi-weekly reminders of their DG and recipes for dishes and the HAB group received a greeting. Dietary intake and fasting blood, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were obtained at baseline, month 6 and month 12. Linear regression analyses were applied. At month 6, when compared with the HAB, the SUB had a greater impact on the extent of dietary changes with increased intake of whole grains, dietary fibre, and low fibre vegetables compared with the OFF DG and both DG groups had similar decreased percentage of energy (E%) intake from saturated fatty acids. The extent of dietary changes were similar at month 12. No overall significant changes from baseline were found in blood pressure (BP), anthropometrics and IHD risk markers. In conclusion, both SUB and OFF DG resulted in cardioprotective dietary changes. However, neither the SUB nor the OFF DG resulted in any overall effects on the selected intermediate risk factors for IHD.
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6.
  • Wu, Huaxing, 1987, et al. (författare)
  • Long-Term Whole Grain Wheat and Rye Intake Reflected by Adipose Tissue Alkylresorcinols and Breast Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643 .- 2072-6643. ; 11:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Whole grain rye (WGR) and whole grain wheat (WGW) have been suggested to protect against the development of breast cancer. In this study, we estimated long-term intake of WGR and WGW, using both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and alkylresorcinol concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies, in relation to the risk of developing invasive breast cancer in a case-cohort study (n = 414 in the case group, n = 933 in the subcohort group) on the Danish "Diet, Cancer and Health" cohort. The median follow-up time of the subcohort was 5.3 years. Total WGR and WGW intake estimated with FFQ or reflected by total alkylresorcinol concentration in adipose tissue was not significantly associated with risk of breast cancer. However, after adjustment for total WGR and WGW intake, women in the highest quartile of relative WGR intake, reflected by the alkylresorcinol C17:0/C21:0 ratio, had a higher risk of overall breast cancer and estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer than women in the lowest quartile of relative WGR intake, while the risk of estrogen-receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer incidence was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the FFQ data. Based on these data, further investigation of the role of specific grain types in reducing or increasing breast cancer risk, and their overall impact on health, is warranted.
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