| 1. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Human and Methodological Sources of Variability in the Measurement of Urinary 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 '-deoxyguanosine
- 2013
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 18:18, s. 2377-2391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) is a widely used biomarker of oxidative stress. However, variability between chromatographic and ELISA methods hampers interpretation of data, and this variability may increase should urine composition differ between individuals, leading to assay interference. Furthermore, optimal urine sampling conditions are not well defined. We performed inter-laboratory comparisons of 8-oxodG measurement between mass spectrometric-, electrochemical- and ELISA-based methods, using common within-technique calibrants to analyze 8-oxodG-spiked phosphate-buffered saline and urine samples. We also investigated human subject- and sample collection-related variables, as potential sources of variability. Results: Chromatographic assays showed high agreement across urines from different subjects, whereas ELISAs showed far more inter-laboratory variation and generally overestimated levels, compared to the chromatographic assays. Excretion rates in timed 'spot' samples showed strong correlations with 24 h excretion (the 'gold' standard) of urinary 8-oxodG (r(p) 0.67-0.90), although the associations were weaker for 8-oxodG adjusted for creatinine or specific gravity (SG). The within-individual excretion of 8-oxodG varied only moderately between days (CV 17% for 24 h excretion and 20% for first void, creatinine-corrected samples). Innovation: This is the first comprehensive study of both human and methodological factors influencing 8-oxodG measurement, providing key information for future studies with this important biomarker. Conclusion: ELISA variability is greater than chromatographic assay variability, and cannot determine absolute levels of 8-oxodG. Use of standardized calibrants greatly improves intra-technique agreement and, for the chromatographic assays, importantly allows integration of results for pooled analyses. If 24 h samples are not feasible, creatinine- or SG-adjusted first morning samples are recommended.
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| 2. |
- Mills, Gina, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Ozone pollution will compromise efforts to increase global wheat production
- 2018
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 24:8, s. 3560-3574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of high-performing crop cultivars and crop/soil water management practices that increase the stomatal uptake of carbon dioxide and photosynthesis will be instrumental in realizing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving food security. To date, however, global assessments of how to increase crop yield have failed to consider the negative effects of tropospheric ozone, a gaseous pollutant that enters the leaf stomatal pores of plants along with carbon dioxide, and is increasing in concentration globally, particularly in rapidly developing countries. Earlier studies have simply estimated that the largest effects are in the areas with the highest ozone concentrations. Using a modelling method that accounts for the effects of soil moisture deficit and meteorological factors on the stomatal uptake of ozone, we show for the first time that ozone impacts on wheat yield are particularly large in humid rain-fed and irrigated areas of major wheat-producing countries (e.g. United States, France, India, China and Russia). Averaged over 2010-2012, we estimate that ozone reduces wheat yields by a mean 9.9% in the northern hemisphere and 6.2% in the southern hemisphere, corresponding to some 85 Tg (million tonnes) of lost grain. Total production losses in developing countries receiving Official Development Assistance are 50% higher than those in developed countries, potentially reducing the possibility of achieving UN SDG2. Crucially, our analysis shows that ozone could reduce the potential yield benefits of increasing irrigation usage in response to climate change because added irrigation increases the uptake and subsequent negative effects of the pollutant. We show that mitigation of air pollution in a changing climate could play a vital role in achieving the above-mentioned UN SDG, while also contributing to other SDGs related to human health and well-being, ecosystems and climate change.
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| 3. |
- Plymoth, Amelie, et al.
(författare)
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Protein expression patterns associated with progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in bronchoalveolar lavage of smokers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clin Chem. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 53:4, s. 636-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We modeled the expression of proteins in baseline bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from asymptomatic 60-year-old lifelong current smokers or healthy never-smokers, who were reevaluated after 6 to 7 years to record clinical outcome. METHODS: Applying a technology toolbox consisting of replicate 2-dimensional gel separations, image annotation, and mass spectrometry identification, we catalogued a global set of proteins that were differentially expressed in individuals by presence, absence, and intensity scores. RESULTS: By use of multivariate analysis, we selected a subset of proteins that accurately separated smokers from never-smokers based on composite scoring. Follow-up after 6 to 7 years identified a group of individuals who had progressed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage 2. The baseline BAL samples of these eventual COPD patients shared a distinct protein expression profile that could be identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis. This pattern was not observed in BAL samples of asymptomatic smokers free of COPD at 6- to 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our model suggests that certain patterns of protein expression occurring in the airways of long-term smokers may be detected in smokers susceptible to a progression of COPD disease, before disease is clinically evident.
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| 4. |
- Ray, Jeremy, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of dental fear.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of dental research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1544-0591 .- 0022-0345. ; 89:3, s. 297-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to test a hypothesized genetic component (i.e., monozygotic being more similar compared with dizygotic twins) in dental fear/anxiety by comparing the probandwise concordance. We analyzed data based on a dichotomous measure of Dental Fear/Anxiety and a continuous measure of Dental Fear Intensity from over 2000 twins, collected when participants were 13-14 years old and once again three years later. The hypothesis was confirmed, but heritability of Dental Fear/Anxiety was estimated to be higher for girls (0.77 at time 1 and 0.55 at time 2) than for boys (0.14 and 0.0 at times 1 and 2, respectively). Heritability of Dental Fear Intensity, however, was similar for girls (0.30 and 0.40 at times 1 and 2, respectively) and boys (0.47, 0.44). Studies of the etiology of dental fear/anxiety should take genetic vulnerability into account and include molecular biology measures. Possible heritability differences between girls and boys need attention.
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