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1.
  • Nyström, Robin, 1985-, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Effects of dilution conditions on particle formation and size distribution in engine exhaust emissions when introducing biodiesel in comparison to standard petro diesel
  • swepub:Mat_publicationother_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Air pollution, in particular ambient particulate matter (PM), can be linked to a variety of different health effects, and a major contributor to the PM pollution is exhaust from diesel engines and other vehicles. In the global drive towards finding sustainable and clean bio-based alternative fuels for the transport sector, biodiesel is one of the most established alternative. However, there is considerable variation in emission data for biodiesel, preferably explained by influences of engine technology and operating conditions as well as dilution sampling strategy. In this study the focus was therefore to study the effects of dilution conditions on the particle formation and size distribution in the exhaust emissions from an off road engine, when introducing RME biodiesel in comparison to standard petro diesel. Particle size distribution and number concentration were measured on-line with the use of a fast mobility spectrometer, during a transient operation and without engine modification. Differences in particle characteristics were elucidated in the raw exhaust versus diluted exhaust at two subsequent sampling points with different dilution ratios. In addition, the influences on the exhaust particle properties of changing the lubrication oil was investigated. It was found that biodiesel in general generated more nucleation mode particles then petro diesel, and after the oil exchange the total particle number concentration was increased even more. It was also seen that the custom-built dilution setup favors generation of nucleation mode particles, which is in line with real life conditions in chase and road side experiments. However, when using heated primary dilution and a heated line in the raw exhaust the formation of nucleation mode particles was suppressed. Overall, it was concluded that the introduction of the biodiesel, and potentially other renewable fuels, can in a considerable way change the exhaust particle emission and characteristics. This could have implications for the assessment of exhaust from engines running on biodiesel fuels, especially when introducing biodiesel in existing and older engines.
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2.
  • Nyström, Robin, 1985-, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Evaluation of a novel chamber setup for human exposures of biomass combustion aerosols
  • swepub:Mat_publicationother_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Based on a vast number of epidemiological studies there is today a consensus that increased concentrations of ambient particulate matter air pollution cause adverse health effects such as mortality, hospitalizations, cardiovascular events, respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. The use of controlled laboratory studies with human exposure chambers can give unique opportunities to directly examine specific exposure conditions and cause-effect relationship with relevant concentrations and particle types. In this paper, the design of a novel chamber setup for human exposures of biomass combustion aerosols is described with an evaluation of the systems function under different conditions (e.g. air exchange rates and target PM1 concentrations). Several different research biomass combustion systems are available in combination with extensive and advanced monitoring and characterization of the gaseous and particle emissions used for exposures. Examples, with data from three performed human exposure campaigns, are included and discussed as a basis for the evaluation of the whole setup, with the target to generate stable conditions in the chamber using different kinds of biomass combustion aerosols. Based on the evaluation of function and present exposure experiences it can be concluded that the chamber setup and biomass aerosol generation systems is able to produce a stable aerosol concentration in the chamber of different particle types.  Overall, the human exposure setup for biomass combustion aerosols together with the integrated biomass combustion laboratory gives extensive possibilities for designing different whole body human exposure studies for a variety of biomass combustion aerosols as well as other experimental aerosol research.
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swepub:Mat_t
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swepub:level_scientificother_t (3)
swepub:Hitlist_author_t
Pagels, Joakim (3)
Sandström, Thomas (2)
Blomberg, Anders (2)
Boman, Christoffer (2)
Nyström, Robin, 1985 ... (2)
Wierzbicka, Aneta (1)
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swepub_uni:umu_t (2)
swepub_uni:lu_t (1)
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