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- Palin, K, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of allelic imbalance to colorectal cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1, s. 3664-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Point mutations in cancer have been extensively studied but chromosomal gains and losses have been more challenging to interpret due to their unspecific nature. Here we examine high-resolution allelic imbalance (AI) landscape in 1699 colorectal cancers, 256 of which have been whole-genome sequenced (WGSed). The imbalances pinpoint 38 genes as plausible AI targets based on previous knowledge. Unbiased CRISPR-Cas9 knockout and activation screens identified in total 79 genes within AI peaks regulating cell growth. Genetic and functional data implicate loss of TP53 as a sufficient driver of AI. The WGS highlights an influence of copy number aberrations on the rate of detected somatic point mutations. Importantly, the data reveal several associations between AI target genes, suggesting a role for a network of lineage-determining transcription factors in colorectal tumorigenesis. Overall, the results unravel the contribution of AI in colorectal cancer and provide a plausible explanation why so few genes are commonly affected by point mutations in cancers.
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- Kuisma, H, et al.
(författare)
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Parity associates with chromosomal damage in uterine leiomyomas
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1, s. 5448-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mechanical forces in a constrained cellular environment were recently established as a facilitator of chromosomal damage. Whether this could contribute to tumorigenesis is not known. Uterine leiomyomas are common neoplasms that display relatively few chromosomal aberrations. We hypothesized that if mechanical forces contribute to chromosomal damage, signs of this could be seen in uterine leiomyomas from parous women. We examined the karyotypes of 1946 tumors, and found a striking overrepresentation of chromosomal damage associated with parity. We then subjected myometrial cells to physiological forces similar to those encountered during pregnancy, and found this to cause DNA breaks and a DNA repair response. While mechanical forces acting in constrained cellular environments may thus contribute to neoplastic degeneration, and genesis of uterine leiomyoma, further studies are needed to prove possible causality of the observed association. No evidence for progression to malignancy was found.
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| 9. |
- Cajuso, T, et al.
(författare)
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Retrotransposon insertions can initiate colorectal cancer and are associated with poor survival
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1, s. 4022-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genomic instability pathways in colorectal cancer (CRC) have been extensively studied, but the role of retrotransposition in colorectal carcinogenesis remains poorly understood. Although retrotransposons are usually repressed, they become active in several human cancers, in particular those of the gastrointestinal tract. Here we characterize retrotransposon insertions in 202 colorectal tumor whole genomes and investigate their associations with molecular and clinical characteristics. We find highly variable retrotransposon activity among tumors and identify recurrent insertions in 15 known cancer genes. In approximately 1% of the cases we identify insertions in APC, likely to be tumor-initiating events. Insertions are positively associated with the CpG island methylator phenotype and the genomic fraction of allelic imbalance. Clinically, high number of insertions is independently associated with poor disease-specific survival.
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