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- Andersson, Martin, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Use of Self-Assembled Surfactants for Nanomaterials Synthesis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Particulate Systems in Nano- and Biotechnologies. ; , s. 27-51
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Synthesis of inorganic materials with nanosized dimensions can take advantage of the ability of surfactants to self-assemble into well-defined structures. These structures are used as a kind of template for the synthesis. This approach of nanomaterials preparation has triggered substantial interest both in the surface chemistry and the materials chemistry community. The accuracy and reproducibility of the self-assembly process has been seen as means of achieving control of materials architecture on the nanometer scale. This is a biomimetic approach; a wide variety of biological structural materials are made by a templating process with the use of surface active compounds—primarily surface active polymers but also low molecular weight polar lipids. The number of papers dealing with surfactant-templated synthesis of inorganic materials has increased dramatically in recent years and several review papers deal with various aspects of the technique (1-12). Existing and potential applications for the synthesized materials range from biomaterials (e.g., artificial bone), to technical products such as catalysts, magnetic particles, and pigments.
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- DAWODY, JAZAER, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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An integrated system for energy-efficient exhaust aftertreatment for heavy-duty vehicles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319177779 - 9783319177762 ; 1, s. 133-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015. This chapter presents a unique system approach applied in a joint academic- industrial research programme, E4 Mistra, to attain the goals of high energy efficiency and low emissions in an exhaust aftertreatment system for heavy-duty vehicles. The high energy efficiency is achieved by heat recuperation, onboard hydrogen production for NOx reduction, and by finding new solutions for making the aftertreatment system active at low exhaust temperatures. To reach low particulate emissions, a mechanical filter using a sintered metal powder is developed and coated with catalytic material to improve the soot oxidation efficiency. Low NOx emissions are achieved by an efficient NOx reduction catalyst. The integrated E4 Mistra system comprises four technological advances: thermoelectric (TE) materials for heat recuperation, catalytic reduction of NOx over innovative catalyst substrates using either the onboard diesel or biodiesel, H2 from a high-efficiency fuel reformer, and particulate filtration over a porous metal filter. The TE materials are used in a TE generator (TEG) which converts thermal energy into electricity. The TEG is used to recuperate heat from the exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) circuit of heavy-duty trucks and is expected to generate ~1 kW electric power from 20 kW heat in the exhaust gas. The TEG is integrated in a plate heat exchanger (HEX) designed particularly for this application. Apart from the knowledge and experiences in TEG and heat exchange technologies, a thorough fluid dynamics and TE analysis are performed in this project to understand the governing processes and optimize the system accordingly. The components of the E4 Mistra system are explained in the chapter in addition to test results, which show the system's capacity for H2 production, NOx conversion, particulate matter filtration and soot oxidation, and finally electric power generation via heat recuperation from the exhaust gas using the developed TEG-HEX system.
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