| 1. |
- Fages, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Tracking Five Millennia of Horse Management with Extensive Ancient Genome Time Series
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-8674. ; 177:6, s. 1419-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (>= 1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modem legacy of past equestrian civilisations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN "speed gene," only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modem breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Pálsdóttir, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Inter-observer agreement of transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in local staging of cervical cancer.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. - : Wiley. - 0960-7692 .- 1469-0705. ; 58:5, s. 773-779
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the inter-observer agreement in relation to observer experience for the assessment of local tumor extension in women with cervical cancer, using transvaginal ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODS: The observers comprised six US specialists with, and seven without previous experience of cervical cancer assessment, five experienced radiologists in pelvic MRI, and four less experienced radiology residents without previous MRI experience. The less experienced US observers, and all MRI observers underwent comprehensive training on assessment of cervical tumor extension while experienced US observers received written directives. All observers were assigned the same images from cervical cancer patients of all stages (n=60) for off-line evaluation on tumor detection, cervical stromal- (>1/3), and parametrial invasion. Inter-observer agreement was measured using Fleiss kappa, with 95% CI.RESULTS: Experienced and less experienced US observers had moderate agreement regarding tumor detection Fleiss κ [95% CI] (0.46 [0.40-0.53], and 0.46 [0.41-0.52]), stromal invasion (0.45 [0.38-0.51] and 0.53 [0.40-0.58]) and parametrial invasion (0.57 [0.51-0.64], and 0.44 [0.39-0.50]), respectively. Experienced and less experienced MRI observers had good κ [95% CI] (0.70 [0.62-0.78]) and moderate agreement (0.51 [0.41-0.62]), regarding tumor detection, good agreement regarding stromal invasion (0.80 [0.72-0.88] and 0.71 [0.61-0.81]) and parametrial invasion (0.69 [0.61-0.77] and 0.71[0.61-0.81]), respectively.CONCLUSION: The inter-observer agreement was moderate for US, and moderate - good for MRI regarding the assessment of local tumor extension. The level of inter-observer agreement was only associated with experience among US observers regarding parametrial invasion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Ameen, Carly, et al.
(författare)
-
Specialized sledge dogs accompanied Inuit dispersal across the North American Arctic
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 286:1916
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domestic dogs have been central to life in the North American Arctic for millennia. The ancestors of the Inuit were the first to introduce the widespread usage of dog sledge transportation technology to the Americas, but whether the Inuit adopted local Palaeo-Inuit dogs or introduced a new dog population to the region remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we generated mitochondrial DNA and geometric morphometric data of skull and dental elements from a total of 922 North American Arctic dogs and wolves spanning over 4500 years. Our analyses revealed that dogs from Inuit sites dating from 2000 BP possess morphological and genetic signatures that distinguish them from earlier Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and identified a novel mitochondrial clade in eastern Siberia and Alaska. The genetic legacy of these Inuit dogs survives today in modern Arctic sledge dogs despite phenotypic differences between archaeological and modern Arctic dogs. Together, our data reveal that Inuit dogs derive from a secondary pre-contact migration of dogs distinct from Palaeo-Inuit dogs, and probably aided the Inuit expansion across the North American Arctic beginning around 1000 BP.
|
|
| 10. |
- Anesten, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Preproglucagon neurons in the hindbrain have IL-6 receptor-α and show Ca2+ influx in response to IL-6
- 2016
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 311:1, s. R115-R123
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus and hindbrain are of importance for control of food intake, energy expenditure, and fat mass. We have recently shown that treatment with exendin-4 (Ex-4), an analog of the proglucagonderived molecule glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), markedly increases mRNA expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the hypothalamus and hindbrain and that this increase partly mediates the suppression of food intake and body weight by Ex-4. Endogenous GLP-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) is produced by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in the hindbrain. These neurons project to various parts of the brain, including the hypothalamus. Outside the brain, IL-6 stimulates GLP-1 secretion from the gut and pancreas. In this study, we aim to investigate whether IL-6 can affect GLP-1-producing PPG neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in mouse hindbrain via the ligand binding part of the IL-6 receptor, IL-6 receptor-α (IL-6Rα). Using immunohistochemistry, we found that IL-6Rα was localized on PPG neurons of the NTS. Recordings of these neurons in GCaMP3/GLP-1 reporter mice showed that IL-6 enhances cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in neurons capable of expressing PPG. We also show that the Ca2+ increase originates from the extracellular space. Furthermore, we found that IL-6Rα was localized on cells in the caudal hindbrain expressing immunoreactive NeuN (a neuronal marker) or CNP:ase (an oligodendrocyte marker). In summary, IL-6Rα is present on PPG neurons in the NTS, and IL-6 can stimulate these cells by increasing influx of Ca2+ to the cytosol from the extracellular space. © 2016 the American Physiological Society.
|
|
