| 1. |
- Arheimer, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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The IAHS Science for Solutions decade, with Hydrology Engaging Local People IN a Global world (HELPING)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new scientific decade (2023-2032) of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) aims at searching for sustainable solutions to undesired water conditions - may it be too little, too much or too polluted. Many of the current issues originate from global change, while solutions to problems must embrace local understanding and context. The decade will explore the current water crises by searching for actionable knowledge within three themes: global and local interactions, sustainable solutions and innovative cross-cutting methods. We capitalise on previous IAHS Scientific Decades shaping a trilogy; from Hydrological Predictions (PUB) to Change and Interdisciplinarity (Panta Rhei) to Solutions (HELPING). The vision is to solve fundamental water-related environmental and societal problems by engaging with other disciplines and local stakeholders. The decade endorses mutual learning and co-creation to progress towards UN sustainable development goals. Hence, HELPING is a vehicle for putting science in action, driven by scientists working on local hydrology in coordination with local, regional, and global processes.
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| 2. |
- Gurrani, Swapnil, et al.
(författare)
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Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes
- 2024
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Ingår i: <em>Biomass Hydrolyzing Enzymes: Basics, Advancements, and Applications</em>. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 3-13
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant, ubiquitous polymer on Earth available to benefit mankind. Biomass biorefinery has taken center stage in the world’s economy and is becoming diverse with time. With biorefinery, cascades of products can be obtained from biomass rather than a single product. It is a complex structure that consists of three polymers as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, linked to each other in a compact intricate manner making it difficult to be attacked by microorganisms. Still, many microorganisms have evolved strategies to consume this abundant material as an energy source. Degradation of lignocellulosic biomass is not only a survival strategy for these microbes, but its destruction also plays a pivotal role in carbon recycling of Earth through the fixation of photosynthetically fixed carbon present in plant biomass. Mankind has explored the capacity of microorganisms to produce polymer-degrading enzymes to deconstruct its basic components. Biomass-degrading enzymes have attracted researchers worldwide as this is the most sustainable way to obtain fermentable sugars from this most abundant biomass. Synergism among enzymes as well as their various components are presented along with challenges of biomass hydrolysis and probable solutions. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Reeta Rani Singhania, Anil Kumar Patel, Héctor A. Ruiz, Ashok Pandey; individual chapters, the contributors.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Sanjay, Sharda Sunaram, et al.
(författare)
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Mode of Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystal Using Biomolecules
- 2012
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Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 625-648
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.
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| 6. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
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Biomimetic Materials toward Application of Nanobiodevices
- 2012
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Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 741-782
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.
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| 7. |
- Singh, Ravindra Pratap, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Nanomaterials for Biosensors, Biochips and Molecular Bioelectronics
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Smart Nanomaterials for Sensor Application. - USA : Bentham eBooks. - 9781608052417 ; , s. 3-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The domain of biology has greatly been benefited by advances in other sciences leading to new levels of sensitivity, precision and resolution in biomolecular detection. The key driving force is the complementary length scale between biological structures that range from the 10's of nanometers (proteins, DNA, viruses) to the micron scale (cells and cellular assemblies) and capabilities of nanosystems to manipulate and control such feature sizes within our environment. Progress and development in biosensor development will inevitably focus upon the technology of the nanomaterials that promise to solve the biocompatibility and biofouling problems. The biosensors are integrated with new technologies in molecular biology, micro-fluidics, and smart nanomaterials, have applications in agricultural production, food processing, and environmental monitoring for rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection of pesticides, antibiotics, pathogens, toxins, proteins, microbes, plants, animals, foods, soil, air, and water. Thus, biosensors are excellent analytical tools for pollution monitoring, by which implementation of legislative provisions to safeguard our biosphere could be made effectively plausible. The current trends and challenges with smart nanomaterials for various applications have been the focuse in this chapter that pertains to biosensor development, bionanoelectronics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and miniaturization. All these growing areas will have a remarkable influence on the development of new ultra biosensing devices to resolve the severe pollution problems in the future that not only challenge the human health but also affect adversely other various comforts to living entities.
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| 8. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, Characterization of Metal-Oxide Nanomaterials for Biosensors
- 2012
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Ingår i: Synthesis, characterization and application of smart materials. - USA : Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. - 9781614706427 ; , s. 225-238
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Smart materials, one of the more focused points in materials research, deal primarily with the chemistry, physics and applications of materials in the real world because it induces conformational changes in complex structures and properties which are useful for the control of them. The thrust area of these types of materials are the combination of functional properties like thermal, electric, magnetic, superconducting and optical, which have led to the development of a wide range of new technological devices. These types of materials have been found to be very useful and interesting for various solid state devices. This book examines research developments of smart materials, including processing, properties and applications, which include device materials and environmentally friendly materials.
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| 9. |
- Singh, Ravindra P., et al.
(författare)
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Utility and Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Medicine
- 2012
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Ingår i: Biomedical Materials and Diagnostic Devices. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118030141 ; , s. 215-260
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The functional materials with the most promising outlook have the ability to precisely adjust the biological phenomenon in a controlled mode. Engineering of advanced bio- materials has found striking applications in used for biomedical and diagnostic device applications, such as cell separation, stem-cell, drug delivery, hyperthermia, automated DNA extraction, gene targeting, resonance imaging, biosensors, tissue engineering and organ regeneration.
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| 10. |
- Yadav, Raghvendra S., et al.
(författare)
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Smart Nanomaterials for Space and Energy Applications
- 2012
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Ingår i: Intelligent Nanomaterials. - USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 9780470938799 ; , s. 213-250
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The last three decades have seen extraordinary advances in the generation of new materials based on both fundamental elements and composites, driven by advances in synthetic chemistry and often drawing inspiration from nature. The concept of an intelligent material envisions additional functionality built into the molecular structure, such that a desirable response occurs under defined conditions.Divided into 4 parts: Inorganic Materials; Organic Materials; Composite Materials; and Biomaterials, the 22 chapters cover the latest research and developments in the processing, properties, and applications of intelligent nanomaterials. Included are molecular device materials, biomimetic materials, hybrid-type functionalized polymers-composite materials, information-and energy-transfer materials, as well as environmentally friendly materials.
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