| 1. |
- Björvang, Richelle D., et al.
(författare)
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Mixtures of persistent organic pollutants are found in vital organs of late gestation human fetuses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are industrial chemicals with long half-lives. Early life exposure to POPs has been associated with adverse effects. Fetal exposure is typically estimated based on concentrations in maternal serum or placenta and little is known on the actual fetal exposure. We measured the concentrations of nine organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), ten polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners by gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry in maternal serum, placenta, and fetal tissues (adipose tissue, liver, heart, lung and brain) in 20 pregnancies that ended in stillbirth (gestational weeks 36–41). The data were combined with our earlier data on perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the same cohort (Mamsen et al. 2019). HCB, p,p’-DDE, PCB 138 and PCB 153 were quantified in all samples of maternal serum, placenta and fetal tissues. All 22 POPs were detected in all fetal adipose tissue samples, even in cases where they could not be detected in maternal serum or placenta. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly higher in later gestations, male fetuses, and pregnancies with normal placental function. OCPs showed the highest tissue:serum ratios and PFAS the lowest. The highest chemical burden was found in adipose tissue and lowest in the brain. Overall, all studied human fetuses were intrinsically exposed to mixtures of POPs. Tissue:serum ratios were significantly modified by gestational age, fetal sex and placental function. Importantly, more chemicals were detected in fetal tissues compared to maternal serum and placenta, implying that these proxy samples may provide a misleading picture of actual fetal exposures.
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| 2. |
- Hedlundh, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty induces histological degeneration of the gluteus medius tendon.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bone & Joint Open (BJO). - 2633-1462. ; 4:8, s. 628-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a major effect on the patient's quality of life, including walking capacity. The objective of this case control study was to investigate the histological and ultrastructural changes to the gluteus medius tendon (GMED) in patients revised due to a PJI, and to compare it with revision THAs without infection performed using the same lateral approach.A group of eight patients revised due to a PJI with a previous lateral approach was compared with a group of 21 revised THAs without infection, performed using the same approach. The primary variables of the study were the fibril diameter, as seen in transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the total degeneration score (TDS), as seen under the light microscope. An analysis of bacteriology, classification of infection, and antibiotic treatment was also performed.Biopsy samples from the GMED from infected patients revealed a larger fibril diameter than control patients, as seen in the TEM (p < 0.001). Uninfected patients were slightly older and had their revisions performed significantly later than the infected patients. Histologically, samples from infected patients revealed significantly more vascularity (p < 0.001), the presence of glycosaminoglycans (p < 0.001), and a higher TDS (p = 0.003) than the control patients. The majority of patients had staphylococcal infections of various species.More histological degeneration in the GMED was found in patients undergoing THA revision surgery due to PJI than in patients undergoing THA revision surgery due to other reasons.
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| 3. |
- Holste, Carola, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' attitudes towards perinatal autopsy after stillbirth
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:11, s. 1287-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated mothers' attitudes to autopsy of their stillborn baby and their experiences concerning information and treatment in relation to their loss in an observational study. Data were collected by postal questionnaires and telephone calls. Fifty-four of 72 mothers (76%) replied. Fifty-one (94%) received information from a physician about the possibility of having an autopsy; three (6%) did not get any information. The autopsy rate was 83% (n= 45). Thirty-six of 45 (80%) received adequate information about results. Twenty-five (56%) were pleased with how results were presented. Eleven (24%) were positive about individual contact with the pathologist who performed the autopsy. Fifty-one (94%) stated that their decision concerning autopsy was right. Mothers do not regret their decision concerning perinatal autopsy but they do not always receive thorough and timely information concerning autopsy and its results. Personal contact with the perinatal pathologist might help with specific questions both before and after autopsy.
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| 4. |
- Mamsen, Linn Salto, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human embryonic and fetal organs from first, second, and third trimester pregnancies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 124, s. 482-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The persistent environmental contaminants perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have gained attention due to their potential adverse health effects, in particular following early life exposure. Information on human fetal exposure to PFASs is currently limited to one report on first trimester samples. There is no data available on PFAS concentrations in fetal organs throughout all three trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: We measured the concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in human embryos and fetuses with corresponding placentas and maternal serum samples derived from elective pregnancy terminations and cases of intrauterine fetal death. A total of 78 embryos and fetuses aged 7–42 gestational weeks were included and a total of 225 fetal organs covering liver, lung, heart, central nervous system (CNS), and adipose tissue were analyzed, together with 71 placentas and 63 maternal serum samples. PFAS concentrations were assayed by liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Results: All evaluated PFASs were detected and quantified in maternal sera, placentas and embryos/fetuses. In maternal serum samples, PFOS was detected in highest concentrations, followed by PFOA > PFNA > PFDA = PFUnA = PFHxS. Similarly, PFOS was detected in highest concentrations in embryo/fetal tissues, followed by PFOA > PFNA = PFDA = PFUnA. PFHxS was detected in very few fetuses. In general, PFAS concentrations in embryo/fetal tissue (ng/g) were lower than maternal serum (ng/ml) but similar to placenta concentrations. The total PFAS burden (i.e. the sum of all PFASs) was highest in lung tissue in first trimester samples and in liver in second and third trimester samples. The burden was lowest in CNS samples irrespective of fetal age. The placenta:maternal serum ratios of PFOS, PFOA and PFNA increased across gestation suggesting bioaccumulation in the placenta. Further, we observed that the ratios were higher in pregnancies with male fetuses compared to female fetuses. Conclusions: Human fetuses were intrinsically exposed to a mixture of PFASs throughout gestation. The compounds were detected in all analyzed tissues, suggesting that PFASs reach and may affect many types of organs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PFASs pass the placenta and deposit to embryo and fetal tissues, calling for risk assessment of gestational exposures.
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| 5. |
- Papadogiannakis, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Modes of adherence of Helicobacter pylori to gastric surface epithelium in gastroduodenal disease: A possible sequence of events leading to internalisation
- 2000
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Ingår i: APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0463 .- 0903-4641. ; 108:6, s. 439-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated various modes of adherence of Helicobacter pylori to the human gastric epithelium, using transmission electron microscopy, in biopsies from nine patients with peptic ulcer disease and from four patients with chronic active gastritis. H. pylori was demonstrated in abundance in all cases within the surface mucous layer. In all ulcer- and in one out of four gastritis patients H. pylori was shown in close proximity to the gastric epithelium, with concurrent alterations in the configuration of microvilli and the apical cytoplasmic region of gastric cells. Previously described modes of H. pylori adherence were confirmed, such as loose attachment with fibrillar-like strands, firm attachment with pedestal formation, invasion in the intercellular spaces, and invagination with cup formation. Moreover, in many cases a fusion between the bacterial outer layer and gastric cell membranes was evident. In four cases (31; three with active and one with past ulcer disease) viable H. pylori was found in the cytoplasm of gastric mucous cells. Our results support the hypothesis that the different modes of adherence of H. pylori represent a stepwise, possibly sequential, process which in a significant number of cases leads to internalisation of the organism. The invariable occurrence of adhesion and more frequent internalisation of H. pylori in ulcer patients may suggest a link with the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease.
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| 6. |
- Vinnars, Marie-Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Association between placental pathology and neonatal outcome in preeclampsia: a large cohort study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hypertension in Pregnancy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1064-1955 .- 1525-6065. ; 33:2, s. 145-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study associations between placental histopathology and neonatal outcome in preeclampsia (PE).Study design: The cohort consisted of 544 singleton pregnancies complicated by PE and managed at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden during 2000–2009. Evaluation of placental histopathology was made by one senior perinatal pathologist, blinded to outcome. Clinical outcome was obtained from prospectively collected medical registry data and medical records. Main outcome measures were intrauterine fetal death, smallness for gestational age, admission to neonatal unit, major neonatal morbidity (defined as presence of intraventricular hemorrhage ≥grade 3, retinopathy of prematurity ≥grade 3, necrotizing enterocolitis, cystic periventricular leucomalacia and/or severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and neonatal mortality. Logistic regression analyses including gestational age were performed.Results: Abnormal placental weight, both low (adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] 5.2 [1.1–24], p = 0.03) and high (adjusted OR 1048 [21–51 663], p < 0.001) for gestational age, was associated with major neonatal morbidity in preterm infants. Accelerated villous maturation was less prevalent in intrauterine fetal death pregnancies (adjusted OR 0.18 [0.04–0.77], p = 0.02). Decidual arteriopathy increased the odds for admission to neonatal care (adjusted OR 2.7 [1.1–6.5], p = 0.03). Infarction involving ≥5% of the placenta was associated with intrauterine fetal death and small for gestational age infants (adjusted OR’s 75 [5.5–1011], p = 0.001 and 3.2 [1.7–5.9], p < 0.001; respectively). No relations between histological variables and neonatal mortality could be found. Conclusion: Placental pathology in PE reflects adverse perinatal events and deviant placental weight predicts adverse neonatal outcome in preeclamptic women delivering preterm. Placental investigation without delay can contribute to neonatal risk assessment.
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| 7. |
- Samsioe, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Ljungan Virus Present in Intrauterine Fetal Death Diagnosed by Both Immunohistochemistry and PCR
- 2009
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Ingår i: Birth defects research. Clinical and molecular teratology. - : Wiley. - 1542-0752 .- 1542-0760. ; 85:3, s. 227-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Following up on prior evidence from animal and human studies of Ljungan virus (LV) in intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), we examine additional cases of IUFD using two standard assays of viral detection: immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real time RT-PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen and formalin-fixed specimens from IUFD cases were tested for the presence of LV using real time RT-PCR and IHC, respectively. Formalin-fixed organs from terminated pregnancies diagnosed as trisomy 21 were used as controls in the IHC assay. RESULTS: Presence of LV was demonstrated in all five IUFD cases by IHC and further confirmed in. three of these cases by real time RT-PCR. Only one of 18 trisomy 21 controls was LV positive by IHC. CONCLUSION: The presence of LV in IUFD patients has been confirmed by two different assays. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 85:227-229, 2009. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 8. |
- Bhalla, Nayanika, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial transcriptomics of human placentas reveal distinct RNA patterns associated with morphology and preeclampsia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Placenta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-4004 .- 1532-3102. ; 139, s. 213-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial transcriptomics (ST) maps RNA level patterns within a tissue. This technology has not been previously applied to human placental tissue. We demonstrate analysis of human placental samples with ST. Unsupervised clustering revealed that distinct RNA patterns were found corresponding to different morphological structures. Additionally, when focusing upon terminal villi and hemoglobin associated structures, RNA levels differed between placentas from full term healthy pregnancies and those complicated by preeclampsia. The results from this study can provide a benchmark for future ST studies in placenta.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Chen, Yin Huai, et al.
(författare)
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Absence of GP130 cytokine receptor signaling causes extended Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of experimental medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 1540-9538 .- 0022-1007. ; 217:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gene IL6ST encodes GP130, the common signal transducer of the IL-6 cytokine family consisting of 10 cytokines. Previous studies have identified cytokine-selective IL6ST defects that preserve LIF signaling. We describe three unrelated families with at least five affected individuals who presented with lethal Stüve-Wiedemann-like syndrome characterized by skeletal dysplasia and neonatal lung dysfunction with additional features such as congenital thrombocytopenia, eczematoid dermatitis, renal abnormalities, and defective acute-phase response. We identified essential loss-of-function variants in IL6ST (a homozygous nonsense variant and a homozygous intronic splice variant with exon skipping). Functional tests showed absent cellular responses to GP130-dependent cytokines including IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Genetic reconstitution of GP130 by lentiviral transduction in patient-derived cells reversed the signaling defect. This study identifies a new genetic syndrome caused by the complete lack of signaling of a whole family of GP130-dependent cytokines in humans and highlights the importance of the LIF signaling pathway in pre- and perinatal development.
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