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- Elfgren, C I, et al.
(författare)
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Performance on neuropsychological tests related to single photon emission computerised tomography findings in frontotemporal dementia
- 1996
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Ingår i: British Journal of Psychiatry. - : Royal College of Psychiatrists. - 0007-1250 .- 1472-1465. ; 169:4, s. 22-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This study examines relations between regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and neuropsychological test results, age at onset and duration of disease in patients with frontotemporal-type dementia (FTD).METHOD: Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of probable FTD were examined using single photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc-HMPAO as the tracer. The rCBF of 14 regions of interest relative to cerebellar blood flow was calculated. Psychological tests assessing language, verbal fluency, memory and visuospatial constructive ability were given.RESULTS: Correlations were demonstrated between a global impairment score and relative blood flow in lateral frontal, medial frontal and left orbital frontal areas. Verbal fluency scores correlated with left lateral frontal, medial frontal and left anterior inferior temporal blood flow. No relationships between decrease in CBF and age at onset or duration of disease, or between impaired cognitive function and age at onset or duration of disease were found.CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates a close coupling between reduced rCBF and specific neuropsychological deficits in FTD.
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- Elfgren, C, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological findings in frontal lobe dementia
- 1993
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Ingår i: Dementia (Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1013-7424. ; 4:3-4, s. 9-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropsychological investigations were performed on 18 patients with a clinical diagnosis of frontal lobe dementia supported by regional cerebral blood flow measurements. Nature and degree of cognitive impairment were examined with a comprehensive test battery. The results of the neuropsychological assessment could be described as three levels of cognitive impairment. The increasing levels of cognitive impairment were accompanied by corresponding levels of reduced cerebral blood flow in frontotemporal areas. No apparent relationship emerged between impairment level and illness duration, indicating a considerable individual variation in the clinical course of frontal lobe dementia.
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- Elfgren, C., et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological tests as discriminators between dementia of Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Wiley. - 1099-1166 .- 0885-6230. ; 9:8, s. 635-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine whether cognitive test performance alone could distinguish patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) from those with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Scores from three neuropsychological tests were used as discriminating variables in 28 cases with postmortem verified diagnoses. The selected tests measured verbal ability, visuospatial ability and verbal memory. Eighty-nine per cent of the sample was correctly classified by discriminant analysis. Evaluating the ability of the obtained discriminant function to differentiate between groups of DAT and FTD in a new, clinically diagnosed sample of 38 cases yielded an overall success rate of 84%. The results suggest that cognitive tests may be helpful for differential diagnosis in the context of a neuropsychiatric examination.
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- Passant, U, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic hypotension and low blood pressure in organic dementia : a study of prevalence and related clinical characteristics.
- 1997
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Ingår i: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. - 0885-6230 .- 1099-1166. ; 12:3, s. 395-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of orthostatic hypotension (OH), low blood pressure and dizziness, falls and fractures in patients with organic dementia.DESIGN: We prospectively studied 151 patients, assessing the prevalence of OH, hypertension, heart disorders, diabetes mellitus and the use of medication possibly associated with OH.SETTING: The patients were admitted to our psychogeriatric clinic as part of routine clinical investigation of their dementia.PATIENTS: Forty-six patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 28 patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 77 patients with vascular dementia (VaD) were investigated.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Due to the paucity of information about the prevalence of OH in organic dementia, this study is mainly explorative in nature, thus preventing explicit hypothesis formulation. However, clinical impressions indicated a higher prevalence of OH in organic dementia than normally seen in healthy elderly.RESULTS: OH/low blood pressure was present in 39-52% of the patients. The majority reached their maximum systolic decrease within 5 minutes of standing, but in 20-30% the maximum blood pressure drop occurred after 5 minutes or later. In 38%, the systolic blood pressure drop was more than 40 mm Hg. Hypertension and heart disease was found only in AD and VaD, with no difference between those with and without OH/low blood pressure. Falls and fractures were common in orthostatic and hypotensive patients, with an incidence of more than 50% in AD and VaD.CONCLUSIONS: The results support our clinical impressions that OH and low blood pressure is common and an important factor in organic dementia.
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