| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Blicharska, Malgorzata, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
-
Shades of grey challenge practical application of the Cultural Ecosystem Services concept
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 23, s. 55-70
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite rapid advances in development of the ecosystem services (ES) concept, challenges remain for its use in decision making. Cultural ES (CES) have proven particularly difficult to pin down and resultant “shades of grey” impede their consideration by decision-makers. This study undertakes a literature review of CES to highlight the shades of grey, briefly illustrates findings by reference to the Swedish mountain landscape, then addresses potential implications for practical decision making. The concept of CES is complex and difficult to operationalize. The root of confusion appears to be a lack of rigour in identifying CES, hindering identification of proper methods for determining: the ecosystem elements that underpin CES; the beneficiaries of CES and how they value benefits delivered; and how CES may vary in space and time. We conclude by proposing a framework of questions, which we relate to the ES cascade model, that is intended to help researchers and decision-makers to reflect when considering CES. Answers to the questions should enable decision-makers to prioritise policy development or implementation in relation to the differing needs of potentially competing beneficiaries and what needs to be done or not done to the ecosystem, where, when and by whom.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kirchhoff, Leah, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial community composition unaffected by mycorrhizal plant removal in sub-arctic tundra
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Fungal ecology. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 69
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vegetation changes in a warming Arctic may affect plant-associated soil microbial communities with possible consequences for the biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). In a sub-arctic tundra heath, we factorially removed plant species with ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal associations. After two years, we explored how mycorrhizal type-specific plant removal influences microbial communities, soil and microbial C and N pools, and extracellular enzymatic activities. Removal of ecto- and ericoid mycorrhizal plants did not change the soil fungal or bacterial community composition or their extracellular enzyme activities. However, ericoid plant removal decreased microbial C:N ratio, suggesting a stoichiometric effect decoupled from microbial community composition. In other words, microbial communities appear to show initial plasticity in response to major changes in tundra vegetation. This highlights the importance of longer-term perspectives when investigating the effects of vegetation changes on biogeochemical processes in Arctic ecosystems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Monteux, Sylvain, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments
- 2024
-
Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 242:4, s. 1835-1845
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Targeted removal experiments are a powerful tool to assess the effects of plant species or (functional) groups on ecosystem functions. However, removing plant biomass in itself can bias the observed responses. This bias is commonly addressed by waiting until ecosystem recovery, but this is inherently based on unverified proxies or anecdotal evidence. Statistical control methods are efficient, but restricted in scope by underlying assumptions.We propose accounting for such biases within the experimental design, using a gradient of biomass removal controls. We demonstrate the relevance of this design by presenting (1) conceptual examples of suspected biases and (2) how to observe and control for these biases.Using data from a mycorrhizal association-based removal experiment, we show that ignoring biomass removal biases (including by assuming ecosystem recovery) can lead to incorrect, or even contrary conclusions (e.g. false positive and false negative). Our gradient design can prevent such incorrect interpretations, regardless of whether aboveground biomass has fully recovered.Our approach provides more objective and quantitative insights, independently assessed for each variable, than using a proxy to assume ecosystem recovery. Our approach circumvents the strict statistical assumptions of, for example, ANCOVA and thus offers greater flexibility in data analysis.
|
|
