| 1. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive aging : the role of genes and environments in patterns of change
- 2022
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Ingår i: Twin Research for Everyone. - : Elsevier. - 9780128215142 ; , s. 351-370
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Behavior genetic investigations of cognitive aging began in earnest in the 1980s. After an initial focus on general cognitive ability (GCA) in earlier lifespan periods, aging researchers turned their focus to investigations of age changes in GCA as well as specific cognitive abilities, finding different patterns of change with age and different compositions of genetic and environmental contributions to change. Mapping the human genome in the early 2000s provided researchers with tools to investigate multiple genes associated with cognitive function. Moreover, contexts in which cognitive aging occurs, as well as the role of gene and environment interplay, have become a focus.
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| 2. |
- Gatz, Margaret, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia : Genes, environments, interactions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behavior genetics of cognition across the lifespan. - New York : Springer. - 9781461474470 - 9781461474463 ; , s. 201-231
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia is an increasingly prevalent disorder as the world population ages, with Alzheimer disease the most common cause. Twin studies find concordance to be substantially higher among monozygotic as compared with dizygotic twin pairs. While a few genes have been identified that are responsible for early-onset Alzheimer disease, they account for well under 5 % of all cases. Among susceptibility genes for Alzheimer disease identified by association studies, population attributable fraction for the most prominent of these—apolipoprotein E—is estimated to be about 25 %, whereas other genes at best predict another 20 %. There are few strong environmental risk or protective factors, with vascular risks the best established, although with mechanisms still not fully understood. It seems likely that clusters of risk alleles, interactions between risk alleles and environmental exposures, and epigenetic mechanisms play a role in explaining Alzheimer disease, with different combinations of influences culminating in the observed pathophysiology. In particular, environmental exposures early in life could lead to deleterious changes in gene expression in late life.
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| 3. |
- Voytenko, Yuliya, et al.
(författare)
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Denmark: Lessons from the Global Leader in Straw-to-Energy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Countries: Economic, Political and Social Issues. - 9781619428737 ; , s. 1-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book examines some of the economic, political and social issues facing the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. Topics discussed in this compilation include Denmark's energy sector transition toward agro-biomass; Sweden's exchange-rate volatility trade with Germany; Norwegian quota reform in gender corporate representation; legislation, culture and development of quality child care in Denmark; ethnic relations and intercultural learning among Danish international workers; the J-curve effect in commodity trade between Sweden and Germany; and occupational safety in Finland.
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