SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Utökad sökning

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Pedersen T.) ;hsvcat:5"

Sökning: WFRF:(Pedersen T.) > Samhällsvetenskap

  • Resultat 1-10 av 13
Sortera/gruppera träfflistan
   
NumreringReferensOmslagsbildHitta
1.
  • Davies, G., et al. (författare)
  • Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
  •  
2.
  • Silventoinen, K., et al. (författare)
  • The CODATwins Project : The current status and recent findings of COllaborative Project of Development of Anthropometrical Measures in Twins
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 22:6, s. 800-808
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) project is a large international collaborative effort to analyze individual-level phenotype data from twins in multiple cohorts from different environments. The main objective is to study factors that modify genetic and environmental variation of height, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and size at birth, and additionally to address other research questions such as long-term consequences of birth size. The project started in 2013 and is open to all twin projects in the world having height and weight measures on twins with information on zygosity. Thus far, 54 twin projects from 24 countries have provided individual-level data. The CODATwins database includes 489,981 twin individuals (228,635 complete twin pairs). Since many twin cohorts have collected longitudinal data, there is a total of 1,049,785 height and weight observations. For many cohorts, we also have information on birth weight and length, own smoking behavior and own or parental education. We found that the heritability estimates of height and BMI systematically changed from infancy to old age. Remarkably, only minor differences in the heritability estimates were found across cultural-geographic regions, measurement time and birth cohort for height and BMI. In addition to genetic epidemiological studies, we looked at associations of height and BMI with education, birth weight and smoking status. Within-family analyses examined differences within same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins in birth size and later development. The CODATwins project demonstrates the feasibility and value of international collaboration to address gene-by-exposure interactions that require large sample sizes and address the effects of different exposures across time, geographical regions and socioeconomic status. 
  •  
3.
  •  
4.
  • Silventoinen, K., et al. (författare)
  • Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins : An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Hormones and Behavior. - : Elsevier. - 0018-506X .- 1095-6867. ; 136
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Comparing twins from same- and opposite-sex pairs can provide information on potential sex differences in a variety of outcomes, including socioeconomic-related outcomes such as educational attainment. It has been suggested that this design can be applied to examine the putative role of intrauterine exposure to testosterone for educational attainment, but the evidence is still disputed. Thus, we established an international database of twin data from 11 countries with 88,290 individual dizygotic twins born over 100 years and tested for differences between twins from same- and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs in educational attainment. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by linear regression models after adjusting for birth year and twin study cohort. In contrast to the hypothesis, no difference was found in women (β = −0.05 educational years, 95% CI −0.11, 0.02). However, men with a same-sex co-twin were slightly more educated than men having an opposite-sex co-twin (β = 0.14 educational years, 95% CI 0.07, 0.21). No consistent differences in effect sizes were found between individual twin study cohorts representing Europe, the USA, and Australia or over the cohorts born during the 20th century, during which period the sex differences in education reversed favoring women in the latest birth cohorts. Further, no interaction was found with maternal or paternal education. Our results contradict the hypothesis that there would be differences in the intrauterine testosterone levels between same-sex and opposite-sex female twins affecting education. Our findings in men may point to social dynamics within same-sex twin pairs that may benefit men in their educational careers.
  •  
5.
  • Graham, E. K., et al. (författare)
  • Trajectories of Big Five Personality Traits: A Coordinated Analysis of 16 Longitudinal Samplesty
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 0890-2070 .- 1099-0984. ; 34:3, s. 301-321
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study assessed change in self-reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi-level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non-linear models suggested late-life increases in neuroticism. Meta-analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. (c) 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology
  •  
6.
  • Hagg, S, et al. (författare)
  • Short telomere length is associated with impaired cognitive performance in European ancestry cohorts
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Translational psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2158-3188. ; 7:4, s. e1100-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The association between telomere length (TL) dynamics on cognitive performance over the life-course is not well understood. This study meta-analyses observational and causal associations between TL and six cognitive traits, with stratifications on APOE genotype, in a Mendelian Randomization (MR) framework. Twelve European cohorts (N=17 052; mean age=59.2±8.8 years) provided results for associations between qPCR-measured TL (T/S-ratio scale) and general cognitive function, mini-mental state exam (MMSE), processing speed by digit symbol substitution test (DSST), visuospatial functioning, memory and executive functioning (STROOP). In addition, a genetic risk score (GRS) for TL including seven known genetic variants for TL was calculated, and used in associations with cognitive traits as outcomes in all cohorts. Observational analyses showed that longer telomeres were associated with better scores on DSST (β=0.051 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.024, 0.077; P=0.0002), and MMSE (β=0.025; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.047; P=0.03), and faster STROOP (β=−0.053; 95% CI: −0.087, −0.018; P=0.003). Effects for DSST were stronger in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (β=0.081; 95% CI: 0.045, 0.117; P=1.0 × 10−5), whereas carriers performed better in STROOP (β=−0.074; 95% CI: −0.140, −0.009; P=0.03). Causal associations were found for STROOP only (β=−0.598 per s.d.-increase of TL; 95% CI: −1.125, −0.072; P=0.026), with a larger effect in ɛ4-carriers (β=−0.699; 95% CI: −1.330, −0.069; P=0.03). Two-sample replication analyses using CHARGE summary statistics showed causal effects between TL and general cognitive function and DSST, but not with STROOP. In conclusion, we suggest causal effects from longer TL on better cognitive performance, where APOE ɛ4-carriers might be at differential risk.
  •  
7.
  • Andersson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Organizational design mechanisms for the R&D function in a world of offshoring
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5221 .- 1873-3387. ; 26:4, s. 431-438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Later years' globalization and increased competition has forced firms to re-evaluate their current configuration and location of activities An emerging shortage of talent and a recognition of knowledge sources far more spread around the globe have Induced firms to re-think their configuration of knowledge-intensive activities, such as R&D Disaggregation and dispersion of activities is though a double edged sword as it simultaneously enhances the access to resources and talent increasing the value of knowledge development activities in the firm, but also add to the costs of management and coordination In this article we discuss how designing the configuration of R&D activities and the utilization of organizational coordination and control mechanisms help firms to stay on top of the costs induced by inter-task interdependencies among the disaggregated R&D activities and thereby leveraging the knowledge and capabilities developed in the offshored activities We utilize the Danish wind mill company Vestas as an empirical example to illustrate our discussion.
  •  
8.
  • Andersson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • The contribution of local environments to competence creation in multinational enterprises
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Long range planning. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-6301 .- 1873-1872. ; 47:1-2, s. 87-99
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper examines the competence development of subsidiaries in multinational enterprises. We analyze how local subsidiary environments affect the development of technological and business competencies among other units in the multinational enterprise. We test our predictions using data from 2,107 foreign-owned subsidiaries located in seven European countries, by means of structural equation modeling - namely, LISREL. By bringing the local environment to the fore, we contribute to the literature on the emergence and determinants of firm-specific advantages. We link local subsidiary environments to the development of the competencies of other units in the multinational enterprise. The role of the multinational enterprise is characterized as integrative, as it may bridge local competencies and environments that are conducive to competence creation, and as it facilitates the use of resources residing locally throughout the organization. Thus, we contribute to an enhanced understanding of location as a determinant of the creation of units of competence and centers of excellence within multinational enterprises. In other words, we demonstrate that country-specific advantages are beneficial for competence creation in units other than the local subsidiary. We thereby link country-specific advantages to the creation of firm-specific advantages in the multinational enterprise - i.e., the multinational enterprise can build and augment firm-specific advantages by making the most of country-specific advantages.
  •  
9.
  •  
10.
  • Hasler, Berit, et al. (författare)
  • Farmers’ preferences for nutrient and climate-related agri-environmental schemes : A cross-country comparison
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 48:11, s. 1290-1303
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We use data from a survey of 2439 farmers in 5 countries around the Baltic Sea (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Poland and Sweden) to investigate their preferences for adopting agricultural practices aimed at reducing nutrient leaching and greenhouse gas emissions. The measures considered are set-aside, catch crops and reduced fertilization. Contracts vary with respect to the area enrolled, contract length, possibility of premature termination, availability of professional advice and compensation. We quantitatively describe farmers’ preferences in terms of their willingness-to-accept compensation for specific attributes of these contracts, if implemented. The results vary substantially between farm types (farmers’ characteristics) and between the 5 countries, and support differentiation of contract obligations and payments to improve the uptake of AgriEnvironmental Schemes. The results can be readily used to improve the design of country-specific nutrient reduction policies, in accordance with the next Common Agricultural Policy.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Resultat 1-10 av 13
Typ av publikation
tidskriftsartikel (11)
samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (1)
rapport (1)
Typ av innehåll
refereegranskat (11)
övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt (2)
Författare/redaktör
Pedersen, N. L. (4)
Kaprio, J (3)
Andersson, Ulf (3)
Pedersen, T. (3)
Martin, N. G. (3)
Montgomery, G. W. (3)
visa fler...
Zhang, D. (2)
Willemsen, G (2)
Silventoinen, K (2)
Vuoksimaa, E (2)
Latvala, A (2)
Jelenkovic, A (2)
Bartels, M (2)
Boomsma, D. I. (2)
Deary, I. J. (2)
Rijsdijk, F (2)
Karlsson, R (2)
Medland, S. E. (2)
Hopper, J L (2)
McGue, M (2)
Loos, R. J. F. (2)
Colodro-Conde, L (2)
Pang, Z. (2)
Dahl Aslan, Anna K., ... (2)
Maes, H. H. (2)
Magnusson, P. K. E. (2)
Cozen, W (2)
Lindenberger, U (2)
Kandler, C (2)
Pahlen, S (2)
Rebato, E (2)
Hotopf, M (2)
Sumathipala, A (2)
Buchwald, D (2)
Bogl, L. H. (2)
Tan, Q. (2)
Nisticò, L (2)
Mack, T. M. (2)
Hwang, A. E. (2)
Reynolds, C. A. (2)
Rose, R. J. (2)
Kremen, W. S. (2)
van Beijsterveldt, C ... (2)
Krueger, R. F. (2)
Silberg, J. L. (2)
Corley, R. P. (2)
Siribaddana, S. H. (2)
Ordoñana, J. R. (2)
Sánchez-Romera, J. F ... (2)
Nelson, T. L. (2)
visa färre...
Lärosäte
Göteborgs universitet (3)
Mälardalens universitet (3)
Jönköping University (3)
Karolinska Institutet (3)
Umeå universitet (2)
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (1)
visa fler...
Uppsala universitet (1)
Örebro universitet (1)
Högskolan i Skövde (1)
Södertörns högskola (1)
Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet (1)
visa färre...
Språk
Engelska (13)
Forskningsämne (UKÄ/SCB)
Medicin och hälsovetenskap (4)
Naturvetenskap (1)
Lantbruksvetenskap (1)

År

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Stäng

Kopiera och spara länken för att återkomma till aktuell vy