| 1. |
- Sundstrom, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased risk of abdominal wall hernia associated with combination anti-retroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients-results from a Swedish cohort-study
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 19:5, s. 465-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To determine if anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients is associated with an increased risk for development of abdominal wall hernia. Methods A cohort study of 1072 HIV-infected patients in Sweden. Information was collected by questionnaires to patients and treating physicians, chart reviews by study physicians and regular blood tests for metabolic disorders. Adjusted relative risks were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. Results Sixty-three patients (5.9%) developed abdominal wall hernia during the study period, 34 inguinal and 29 midline. Compared to the male general population, inguinal hernia was twice as common in the male study population, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.8). An increased incidence rate of abdominal wall hernia was found in patients exposed to ART, 11.3 per 1000 person-years (PY) compared with therapy naives, 2.1 per 1000 PY. When adjusting for confounding risk-factors, ART containing protease inhibitors (Pis) during the 2nd and 3rd year of treatment was associated with the development of midline hernia with a hazard ratio (HR) of 10.7 (95%CI 1.3-85.7), and of inguinal hernia with an HR of 4.4 (95%CI 1.1-16.6). Other independent risk factors were age and diabetes/impaired fasting glucose for midline hernia, and age and a previous diagnosis of AIDS for inguinal hernia. Conclusions We found an increased risk of developing abdominal wall hernia associated with PI-containing ART. The size of the study population did not permit any conclusions regarding non-PI-containing ART. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bergendal, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and venous thromboembolism in women
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 22:6, s. 658-666
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and risks might differ by type of NSAID. Compared with men, women have a higher incidence of VTE at younger age, and they more often use NSAIDs. Objectives To assess risks of VTE in young and middle-aged women in association with use of NSAIDs. Patients/Methods In a nationwide case-control study (Thrombo Embolism Hormone Study) performed in Sweden 2003-2009, we included as cases 1433 women, 18 to 64years of age with a first time VTE. Controls were 1402 randomly selected women, frequency matched by age. Information was obtained by telephone interviews and DNA analyses of blood samples. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for degree of immobilization, chronic disease, smoking, body mass index, use of hormonal contraception, hormone therapy or other NSAIDs. Results Use of NSAIDs was not associated with increased risks of VTE (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.80-1.19). The OR was 0.88 for propionic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.72-1.10), 1.18 for acetic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.82-1.70) and 1.76 for coxibs (95% CI 0.73-4.27). For users of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs, the ORs increased by cumulative dose. Carriership of the prothrombin gene mutation or factor V Leiden had only minor effects on the results. Conclusions We found no increased risks of VTE in association with use of NSAIDs. Users of high cumulative doses of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs had the highest risks, suggesting a relationship with cyclooxygenase selectivity and dose.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bergendal, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pre- and postmenopausal women
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 130:4, s. 596-601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHemostasis in women is affected by changes of estrogen levels. The role of endogenous estrogens on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of acquired and genetic risk factors for VTE in pre-and postmenopausal women.MethodIn a nationwide case–control study we included as cases 1470 women, 18 to 64 years of age with a first time VTE. The 1590 controls were randomly selected and matched by age to the cases. Information on risk factors was obtained by interviews and DNA-analyses. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe ORs were generally of similar magnitude in pre- and postmenopausal women. The highest risk was for the combination of surgery and cast (adjusted OR 54.12, 95% CI 16.62-176.19) in postmenopausal women. The adjusted OR for use of menopausal hormone therapy was 3.73 (95% CI 1.86-7.50) in premenopausal and 2.22 (95% CI 1.54-3.19) in postmenopausal women. Overweight was linked to an increased risk and exercise to a decreased risk, regardless of menopausal status.ConclusionMenopausal status had only minor influence on the risk levels. Acquired transient risk factors conveyed the highest risks for VTE.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Jönsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
New Simulation Model for Freight Wagons with UIC Link Suspension
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; 46:Suppl. S, s. 695-704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Previous freight wagon model developed at KTH is able to explain many of the phenomena observed in tests. In some cases. however, simulated and measured running behaviour differ. Therefore, in this paper, a new simulation model is presented and validated with on-track test results. The performance of standard two-axle freight wagons is investigated. The most important parameters for the running:behaviour of the vehicle are the suspension characteristics. The variation in characteristics between different wagons is large due to geometrical tolerances of the components, wear, corrosion, moisture or other lubrication. The influence of the variation in suspension characteristics and other Parameters oil the behaviour of the wagon on tangent track and in curves is discussed. Finally, suggestions for improvements of the system are made.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ludvigsson, Jonas F., et al.
(författare)
-
Influenza H1N1 vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcome
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 28:7, s. 579-588
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although vaccines against influenza can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, large-scale data on adverse effects in the offspring are scarce. Historical cohort study in Stockholm County, Sweden. We linked H1N1 vaccination data (Pandemrix(A (R)), a mono-valent AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine) with pregnancy and birth data from 21,087 women with singleton offspring conceived between February 2009 and January 2010 (vaccinated during pregnancy: n = 13,297 vs. unvaccinated: n = 7,790). Data were analysed by conceptualizing the observational cohort as a series of nested cohorts defined at each week of gestation. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) for low birth weight (LBW, < 2,500 g), preterm birth (< 37 completed weeks), small-for-gestational age (SGA, < 10th percentile of the gestational age-specific birth weight within the cohort), low 5-min Apgar score (< 7), and caesarean section. Data were adjusted for potential confounders, including maternal age, body mass index, smoking, parity, civil status and comorbidities. Compared with infants of non-vaccinated women, infants of vaccinated women had similar adjusted ORs (95 % CI) for LBW (0.91; 0.79-1.04), preterm birth (0.99; 0.89-1.10), SGA (0.97; 0.90-1.05), low Apgar score (1.05, 0.84-1.31), and a marginal risk reduction for caesarean section (0.94, 0.89-0.99). H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy, using an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, does not appear to adversely influence offspring risks of LBW, preterm birth, SGA, or low Apgar score. Our results suggest that this vaccine is safe for the offspring when used in different stages of pregnancy.
|
|
| 8. |
- Persson, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
-
On the convergence of multigrid methods for flow problems
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis. - 1068-9613. ; 8, s. 46-87
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prove two theorems on the residual damping in multigrid methods when solving convection dominated diffusion equations and shock wave problems, discretized by the streamline diffusion finite element method. The first theorem shows that a V-cycle, including sufficiently many pre and post smoothing steps, damps the residual in LIloc for a constant coefficient convection problem with small diffusion in two space dimensions, without the assumption that the coarse grid is sufficiently fine. The proof is based on discrete Green's functions for the smoothing and correction operators on a uniform unbounded mesh aligned with the characteristic. The second theorem proves a similar result for a certain continuous version of a two grid method, with Isotropic artificial diffusion, applied to a two dimensional Burgers shock wave problem. We also present numerical experiments that verify the residual damping dependence on the equation, the choice of artificial diffusion and the number of smoothing steps. In particular numerical experiments show improved convergence of the multigrid method, with damped Jacobi smoothing steps, for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in two space dimensions by using the theoretically suggested exponential increase of the number of smoothing steps on coarser meshes, as compared to the same amount of work with constant number of smoothing steps on each level.
|
|
