| 1. |
- Backlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Semi-Bloch functions in several complex variables
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Let $M$ be an $n$-dimensional complex manifold. A holomorphic function $f:M\to \mathbb C$ is said to be semi-Bloch if for every $\lambda\in \mathbb C$ the function $g_\lambda=\exp(\lambda f(z))$ is normal on $M$. We characterise Semi-Bloch functions on infinitesimally Kobayashi non-degenerate $M$ in geometric as well as analytic terms. Moreover, we show that on such manifolds, semi-Bloch functions are normal.
|
|
| 2. |
- Backlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
-
Semi-Bloch Functions in Several Complex Variables
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geometric Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-6926 .- 1559-002X. ; 26:1, s. 463-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let M be an n-dimensional complex manifold. A holomorphic function f : M -> C is said to be semi-Bloch if for every lambda is an element of C the function g(lambda) = exp(lambda f(z)) is normal on M. We characterize semi-Bloch functions on infinitesimally Kobayashi non-degenerate M in geometric as well as analytic terms. Moreover, we show that on such manifolds, semi-Bloch functions are normal.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Hogland, William, et al.
(författare)
-
Storage of organic materials, solid waste and biofuels - Risks for fires and fire fighting
- 2009
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate changes together with the increased scarcity of raw material and natural resources place pressure on politicians, industry and society to optimize energy utilization and material recovery. The recycling and sorting of the solid waste and the need for long and short term storage is therefore steadily increasing as is the development of different types of storageand transportation of biofuels. Many of these stores are or will be located close to settlements, town districts and buildings of high monetary value which will increase the potential risk with associated fires and their effect on public health. Methods for the handling and storing organic materials are many, but whether after a short or long time, these all have a propensity to end up with self ignition. Sweden has increased the number of incinerators for solid waste by almost 40 % during the new millennium. Further, numerous upgrades of old incinerators have been carried out and a large volume of storage of waste fuels is needed. This paper presents experience from storage of waste fuels, risks of fire, and issues associated with fire fighting, emissions, and financial impact. Discussions of future trends for the storage of organic material, waste and biofuels as well as the risk of energy and material loss and environmental pollution by smoke and danger for health are included as well as the need for further knowledge and research.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
-
Combustion Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Bales
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099. ; 51:1, s. 109-127
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combustion behaviour of municipal solid waste bales is a rarely studied topic hitherto. However, there is dire need to devote research on the topic because baling as a storage methodology is getting popular among waste management companies and fire episodes in such storage sites can have devastating economic, environmental and social implications. In this study, thickness of low density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic sheets (12 layers, 6 layers and no layer) and type of ignition source (pilot ignition, thermal radiation) were investigated to see their effect on combustion behaviour of bales. In total eleven tests with a single bale in each test were performed. It has been found that the bales not wrapped with LDPE plastic sheets may pose higher hazards for adjacently stored material to catch fire as the value of maximum heat release rate observed for them was higher than those wrapped with LDPE plastic sheets. Furthermore, it has been found that LDPE plastic wrapping do not contribute significantly to the combustion of bales when exposed only to thermal radiation from an adjacent fire. However, it plays a significant role in ignition of bales in case exposed to a pilot flame ignition source. Molten LDPE plastic trapped between the adjacently stored bales was found to be another important factor influencing the combustion of bales.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
-
Storage Techniques for Municipal Solid Waste, Frequency of Fires, and Their Related Emissions
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of Venice 2010 - The Third International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, Venice, Italy, 8-11 November, 2010. - Venice, Italy : CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Center. ; , s. 1-15
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to gather the missing information regarding storage techniques (i.e., loose compact, hard compact, cylindrical bales, rectangular bales) and self-ignition in storage sites for organic recyclable and solid-waste fuels from a life-cycle perspective. There is a need to compile and analyze information regarding self-ignition events because there is a lack of such studies. Its importance is evident from the fact that millions of euros are lost every year in Sweden because of spontaneous fires. These fires cause loss of valuable material and injuries to people, and they are also associated with intense environmental pollution, in particular in the form of smoke and water pollution. This study is based on a questionnaire survey among the members of the Swedish waste management association (Avfall Sverige), whose members service 95% of the Swedish population. The response to the survey was 60%. A total of 96 major surface fires have been reported in the past 10 years at storage sites. 74% of these 96 fire incidents were due to self-ignition, 11% were due to known causes other than self-ignition and 15% were due to unknown reasons. In reference to the type of storage, 50% of these 96 fire incidents took place at sites that store both household and industrial waste, 20% at sites that store only industrial waste, and 30% at sites that store household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Regarding the most frequent cause of fire at any storage site, 33% of respondents relate the fire incidents with extreme hot weather conditions, 8% of respondents report that fire incidents at their storage site are mostly an aftereffect of rainfall, 13% relate the fire incidents with cold weather in December, and 46% of respondents experienced the fire incidents throughout the whole year. Furthermore, detailed statistics were collected regarding different storage techniques followed for municipal solid waste (MSW) in relation to contents and final destination processing plant. It was found that loose compact storage is the most popular way of storing MSW, followed by cylindrical bales. Based on data covering the last 10 years, the average annual amount of emissions of dioxins is (upper/lower bound) TCDD 0.03/0.12 g, PAH 0.98/3.7 tons, PCB 1.66/6.31 g, Hg 16.51/62.59 g, and VOC 18/68 tons from MSW storage fires in Sweden. Estimated emissions of dioxins from fires in waste storage sites correspond to emissions from the incineration of about 0.017 million tons of waste (Avfall Sverige data for 2008). In total, Sweden incinerated 0.35 million tons per annum during the period studied.
|
|
| 7. |
- Koppejan, Japp, et al.
(författare)
-
Health and safety Aspects of Solid Biomass Storage, Transportation and Feeding
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This publication focuses on the health and safety issues of the supply chain of solid biofuels with the objective to highlight commonly used mitigation methodologies to promote a better working environment when dealing with solid biofuels. It has been compiled as a joint effort by experts active in Tasks 32, 36, 37 and 40 of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, with their own specific fields of expertise. Only through this cooperation, it was possible to touch upon the full range of issues in one publication that one may come across when developing projects in which solid biomass fuels are produced, traded or used. The properties of a biomass material and the intended use determine how the material should be safely transported and stored. Self-heating, off-gassing and dust explosions are significant challenges for the industry that have already resulted in significant losses of capital investments and even tragic loss of life. Likewise, exposure to biologically active material, such as moulds and spores may form a serious hazard for the health of workers involved. With the growth of the bioenergy sector, it is important not only that opportunities for bioenergy are implemented in an efficient economic manner, but also safely.
|
|
| 8. |
- Larsson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of the Self-heating Potential of Wood Pellets
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of biomass pellets is increasing. As a consequence, large indoor storage facilities are needed along the transportation chain. The increased production volumes, transportation, handling and storage of pellets result in increased risks. A number of fire incidents due to spontaneous ignition in wood pellets have been reported. Increased efforts concerning safety and quality assurance are, therefore, important. The aim of the present work is to provide methods for estimating risks for self-heating from pellets stored in bulk quantities. The experimental work ranges from small-scale characterizations to medium-scale storage tests and includes several different types of pellets. One aim has been to develop small scale screening methods to assess the propensity for self-heating, thereby trying to define the specific type of “activity” occurring in the pellets as well as characterising it. Isothermal calorimetry (micro calorimeter) has been used as small scale screening test method and the results has then been validated with crossing point tests and in medium scale tests (1 m3). Thirteen samples from different types of pellets have been ranked relative to each other in micro calorimeter tests and two pellet types; one “reactive” and one “less reactive” were also tested for validation in crossing point and medium scale. The results clearly reveal that different activity levels of the pellets can be measured using small scale screening methods.
|
|
| 9. |
- Larsson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Medium-scale reference tests and calculations of spontaneous ignition in wood pellets - the LUBA project
- 2012
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of biomass pellets is increasing. As a consequence, large indoor storage facilities are needed along the transportation chain. The increased production volumes, transportation, handling and storage of pellets result in increased risks. A number of fire incidents due to spontaneous ignition in wood pellets have been reported. Increased efforts concerning safety and quality assurance are, therefore, important. The aim of present work is to provide methods for estimating risks for self-heating from pellets stored in bulk quantities. This report compares medium scale tests of pellets in bulk with smaller screening test; micro calorimeter and crossing point. Two types of pellets; one “reactive” and one “less reactive” were compared. Kinetic parameters from the crossing point and micro calorimeter tests was used as input data for Frank-Kamenetskii calculations and compared with the medium scale test results. Calculations of the critical ambient temperature and time to self-ignition have also been preformed on four different types of representative types of full scale storages that either exist today or might be possible in the future. The results clearly reveal that results in medium scale can be predicted by using results from small scale screening methods like isothermal calorimetry or crossing point. The small scale test methods show the same indications as medium scale when comparing reactive and less active pellet types. The medium-scale tests were effective in separating the self-heating activity of the two types of pellets investigated.
|
|
| 10. |
- Larsson, Ida, et al.
(författare)
-
Small scale screening tests to assess the self-heating potential of wood pellets
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Interflam 2013. - London, UK : Interscience Communications. ; , s. 623-628
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of biomass pellets is increasing. As a consequence, large indoor storage facilities are needed along the transportation chain. A number of fire incidents due to spontaneous ignition in wood pellets have been reported. The aim of the present work is to provide methods for estimating risks for self-heating from pellets stored in bulk quantities. The experimental work ranges from small-scale characterizations to medium-scale storage tests and includes different types of pellets. One aim has been to develop small scale screening methods to assess the propensity for self-heating, thereby trying to define the specific type of “activity” occurring in the pellets as well as characterising it. Isothermal calorimetry (micro calorimeter) has been used as small scale screening test method and the results has then been validated with crossing point tests and in medium scale tests (1 m3). Thirteen samples from different types of pellets have been ranked relative to each other in micro calorimeter tests and two pellet types; one “reactive” and one “less reactive” were also tested for validation in crossing point and medium scale. The results clearly reveal that different activity levels of the pellets can be measured using small scale screening methods.
|
|
