| 3. |
- Ibrahim, Muhammad Asim, et al.
(författare)
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Storage Techniques for Municipal Solid Waste, Frequency of Fires, and Their Related Emissions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Venice 2010 - The Third International Symposium on Energy from Biomass and Waste, Venice, Italy, 8-11 November, 2010. - Venice, Italy : CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Center. ; , s. 1-15
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to gather the missing information regarding storage techniques (i.e., loose compact, hard compact, cylindrical bales, rectangular bales) and self-ignition in storage sites for organic recyclable and solid-waste fuels from a life-cycle perspective. There is a need to compile and analyze information regarding self-ignition events because there is a lack of such studies. Its importance is evident from the fact that millions of euros are lost every year in Sweden because of spontaneous fires. These fires cause loss of valuable material and injuries to people, and they are also associated with intense environmental pollution, in particular in the form of smoke and water pollution. This study is based on a questionnaire survey among the members of the Swedish waste management association (Avfall Sverige), whose members service 95% of the Swedish population. The response to the survey was 60%. A total of 96 major surface fires have been reported in the past 10 years at storage sites. 74% of these 96 fire incidents were due to self-ignition, 11% were due to known causes other than self-ignition and 15% were due to unknown reasons. In reference to the type of storage, 50% of these 96 fire incidents took place at sites that store both household and industrial waste, 20% at sites that store only industrial waste, and 30% at sites that store household, industrial, and agricultural waste. Regarding the most frequent cause of fire at any storage site, 33% of respondents relate the fire incidents with extreme hot weather conditions, 8% of respondents report that fire incidents at their storage site are mostly an aftereffect of rainfall, 13% relate the fire incidents with cold weather in December, and 46% of respondents experienced the fire incidents throughout the whole year. Furthermore, detailed statistics were collected regarding different storage techniques followed for municipal solid waste (MSW) in relation to contents and final destination processing plant. It was found that loose compact storage is the most popular way of storing MSW, followed by cylindrical bales. Based on data covering the last 10 years, the average annual amount of emissions of dioxins is (upper/lower bound) TCDD 0.03/0.12 g, PAH 0.98/3.7 tons, PCB 1.66/6.31 g, Hg 16.51/62.59 g, and VOC 18/68 tons from MSW storage fires in Sweden. Estimated emissions of dioxins from fires in waste storage sites correspond to emissions from the incineration of about 0.017 million tons of waste (Avfall Sverige data for 2008). In total, Sweden incinerated 0.35 million tons per annum during the period studied.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Sylvi, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane correlates with rheological properties of the erythrocyte in type II diabetics
- 1991
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Ingår i: 7th European Conference on Clinical Haemorheology, Southampton, United Kingdom, July 16-19, 1991.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The lipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane is said to be of importance for the rheological properties of the cell. Methods: Fatty acid composition of phospholipids from the erythrocyte membrane was studied in 7 patients with type II diabetes when changing from tablets to insulin . Besides it was studied whether the composition of t h e membrane, especially the amount of w-3 fatty acids, influenced the filterability of the red cell. Fatty acid analyses were performed by a Varian 3700 Gas Chromatograph. Blood cell filterability was measured in theSt George'sFiltrometer. Results: Patients with insufficiently controlled diabetes on oral agents, showed high amounts of fatty acids 16:0, 18:l and 20:4 compared t o the reference group. Increased amounts of 16:0, decreased amounts of 18:2, 20:4 and total PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were positively related to low RCTT (red cell transit time) when measured before insulin treatment. After insulin treatment only the correlation PUFA/RCTT remained. There were no corresponding findings in the reference group. Conclusion: In poorly controlled type II diabetics the fatty acid composition of the red cell membrane is changed and saturated rather than unsaturated fatty acids, correlate with more filterable cells. Small differences of fatty acid composition i n membrane phospholipids do not influence blood cell rheology in healthy subjects.
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