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| 2. |
- Bryngelsson, David, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of food-price movements on African households - An investigation of food production and consumption patterns in four African countries
- 2009
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The recent spike in world food prices has intensified the debate regarding the impact of food prices on poverty. In this paper we aim to assess households’ vulnerability to food-price increases in four countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using household data from the World Bank’s Living Standard Measurement Surveys in Ghana (2005–2006), Kagera region, Tanzania (2004), Malawi (2004–2005) and South Africa (1993) we analyze food production and consumption patterns in rural and urban populations. We use two established indicators of sensitivity to food price changes—one measuring the share of income spent on food, the other measuring net sales of food compared to total expenditures. We find that the shares of the populations spending more than half of their income on food ranges from 62–81% in rural areas and from 26–67% in urban areas. Further we find that in all regions studied, most households (74–99%) in rural areas are net buyers of food and stand to lose in the short term from higher food prices. As expected, for urban households this is true to an even higher extent. In contrast to earlier studies we look at all food items and not just one or a few staple foods, giving a better understanding of vulnerability to general food price changes. We find that the exclusion of non-staple foods has a significant impact on theresults.
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| 3. |
- Månsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Meaningful work in a demanding work environment - teachers at school
- 2005
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Ingår i: Worklife and healh in Sweden 2004. - 917045745X ; , s. 319-340
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large majority of teachers in Swedish 9-year compulsory schools and upper secondary schools find their work very meaningful, although they complain of serious problems in their work environment, especially on the psychosocial level. In the last 10–15 years, school has become one of Sweden’s major problem areas as far as the work environment is concerned. This applies to the work environment of both pupils and staff. Concerning the latter we present facts about the psychosocial environment and health problems of teachers, and relate these problems to the changes in the school system over the past 15 years. Based on the results of our own case studies, we then discuss which aspects of these changes teachers feel have had a negative effect on their work environment.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Anders
(författare)
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In the tension field between politics, practice and science - supervision of degree papers in the School of Teacher Education at Halmstad University, Sweden
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the teacher education programme at Halmstad University, Sweden, the supervision and examination of the students’ degree papers recently changed. Groups of students are now supervised by supervisor pairs, who in turn are part of a team that is coached by a colleague. The examination of the degree papers has also changed, in that the examination is conducted by someone outside the supervising team. Moreover, new evaluation criteria have been developed. These new criteria have sharpened the scientific requirements and clarified the requirements regarding its relevance to teaching practice. Finally, teachers, principals and other actors in preschools, primary schools and secondary schools have been engaged as co-reflectors whose role is to provide collegial comments on the education students’ theses. The present text is primarily intended to describe this new approach to supervising and examining degree theses. A secondary intention is to critically reflect on supervision and examination in the light of the unusually tension-filled character of the teacher education program, and of its unique academic culture.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Power and resistance, powerlessness and action in school
- 2007
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Ingår i: Action research. - 9788276347180 ; , s. 203-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Action research brings to the fore questions regarding both the power over knowledge building and, consequently, questions on the quality of knowledge. Action research makes visible two dimensions that in this regard are significant. First, the dimension outside-inside where action research more than traditional research voice an inside perspective. This means that those on whom research is conducted receive a greater amount of influence on the problems guiding the research and sometimes become participants in the research process. Secondly, there is the top-bottom dimension, where action research is often associated with a perspective from below. This perspective can, in the hierachies of working life, mean the employees’ perspective, but also the client perspective. In both these dimensions, power and knowledge are intertwined, as it is understood that those people on whom the research is being done get more influence on the research, thereby one must suppose that the quality of knowledge changes. Action research can then not only be close to practice but also to the client. It is also often associated with change, which implies that at times the researcher takes on a more active and intervening role than in traditional research, which at times may mean that established power arrangements are challenged. How then are we to understand action learning, that possibly is something else than action research, within the framework of a power perspective? This is the theme of the ensuing text.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Successful Swedish headmasters in tension fields and alliances
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Leadership in Education. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-3124 .- 1464-5092. ; 8:1 (January-March 2005), s. 53-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What makes a headmaster successful? And what does a successful headmaster do? This article presents some results from a research project – Successful school leadership in different school cultures – that aims to provide answers to these questions. The results derive from interviews, questionnaires, observations and pupils’ essays, and comprise the criteria by which different parties involved in schools assess the success of headmasters. As with other research in this field, this article establishes that headmasters find themselves in tension fields that are constituted by the varied interests of the different parties involved in schools. These relationships are analysed with regard to three tension fields that affect Swedish schools today: between employer and employees; between pupils and adults; and between change and continuity.However, the work lives of headmasters isn’t characterised by tensions only, but by Alliances as well. Hence, headmasters’ alliances with various other parties within the school are also analysed. These alliances are both a way of dealing with the tensions that headmasters meet on a daily basis, and a way of creating both success and a leadership based on the school culture. However, the general development trend that we find in Swedish schools, which lift the headmaster out of the school to become the last among superiors rather than the firstamong equals, constricts the latitude for more culture-specific school leadership.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Anders
(författare)
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Occupational and non-occupational health risks : can double standards be justified?
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management. - 1466-8297 .- 1741-5241. ; 10:1/2, s. 160-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This essay considers the fact that health and safety standards allow for higher exposures in employees than the general public. The distinction between exposure and risk is proposed as a key determinant for the relevance of arguments put forward to support such double standards. The justifi cation of ‘double standards', for public and occupational (risk) exposure, is linked to two separate types of issues, namely empirical and normative ones. Whether we have reasons for accepting a double standard of protection depends on how we understand the double standardin relation to the distinction between exposures and risks, and emphasis should be placed on the need of normative support of double standards concerning risks. The relation between work-related risks and occupation is discussed and analyzed, and it is argued that arguments for double standards of risks are linked to certain activities rather than to employment or occupation. It is concluded that a justifi cation of this kind of diff erentiation seems not to be supported either by a reasonable conception of the contract of employment or by any obvious ethical principle that is applicable toworkplaces or work situations in general.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Anderung, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle
- 2005
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424. ; 102:24, s. 8431-8435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geographic situation of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a natural link between Europe and North Africa. However, it is a matter of debate to what extent African influences via the Straits Gibraltar have affected Iberia's prehistoric development. Because early African pastoralist communities were dedicated to cattle breeding, a possible means to detect prehistoric African–Iberian contacts might be to analyze the origin of cattle breeds on the Iberian Peninsula. Some contemporary Iberian cattle breeds show a mtDNA haplotype, T1, that is characteristic to African breeds, generally explained as being the result of the Muslim expansion of the 8th century A.D., and of modern imports. To test a possible earlier African influence, we analyzed mtDNA of Bronze Age cattle from the Portalón cave at the Atapuerca site in northern Spain. Although the majority of samples showed the haplotype T3 that dominates among European breeds of today, the T1 haplotype was found in one specimen radiocarbon dated 1800 calibrated years B.C. Accepting T1 as being of African origin, this result indicates prehistoric African–Iberian contacts and lends support to archaeological finds linking early African and Iberian cultures. We also found a wild ox haplotype in the Iberian Bronze Age sample, reflecting local hybridization or backcrossing or that aurochs were hunted by these farming cultures.
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