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- Nilsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioral interference and facilitation in the foraging cycle shape the functional response
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 18:2, s. 354-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individual forager behaviors should affect per capita intake rates and thereby population and consumer-resource properties. We consider and incorporate conspecific facilitation and interference during the separate foraging-cycle stages in a functional response model that links individual behavioral interactions with consumer-resource processes. Our analyses suggest that failing to properly consider and include all effects of behavioral interactions on foraging-cycle stage performances may either over- or underestimate effects of interactions on the shape of both functional responses and predator zero-growth isoclines. Incorporation of prey- and predator-dependent interactions among foragers in the model produces predator isoclines with potentials for highly complex consumer-resource dynamics. Facilitation and interference during the foraging cycle are therefore suggested as potent behavioral mechanisms to cause patterns of community dynamics. We emphasize that correct estimations of interaction-mediated foraging-cycle efficiencies should be considered in empirical and theoretical attempts to further our understanding of the mechanistic link between social behaviors and higher order processes.
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| 2. |
- Schwenke, Jörg, et al.
(författare)
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Single-shot holography using high-order harmonics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern Optics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0340 .- 1362-3044. ; 55:16, s. 2723-2730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work demonstrates single-shot holography with ultrashort XUV pulses. The pulses are generated by high-harmonic generation in an Ar gas cell and focused to produce a strongly divergent reference beam suitable for in-line holography of micrometer size objects. The achieved intensity of the high-order harmonics in the XUV regime is sufficient for single-shot holography with good signal-to-noise ratio. A numerical algorithm is applied to reconstruct real images from the recorded holograms, which also includes an iterative process to reduce the twin-image blurring. Holograms and reconstructed images of microscope tips are presented and a description of the algorithm is given.
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| 6. |
- Barfod, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro selection of RNA aptamers against a conserved region of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Parasitology Reseach. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1955 .- 0932-0113. ; Aug 20, s. 1557-1566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The var-gene encoding Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is known to play a major role in the pathogenicity of the P. falciparum parasite. The protein enables the parasite to adhere to the endothelial linings of small blood vessels (cytoadherence) as well as to non-infected erythrocytes (rosetting), thus preventing clearance from the bloodstream. The development and spread of resistance towards most anti-malarial drugs used for treatment and prevention of the most severe form of malaria truly emphasise the importance of a continuous research and development of new drugs. In this study we use Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) methodology to isolate high-affinity ligands (aptamers). To validate the results from the SELEX in vitro selection, different aptamers have been selected against PfEMP1 in a live cell assay of P. falciparum strain FCR3S1.2, a highly rosetting strain. We have been able to show the rosette disrupting capacity of these SELEX-aptamers at concentrations of 33 nM and with 100% disruption at 387 nM. The described results show that RNA aptamers are promising candidates for adjunct therapy in severe malaria.
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| 7. |
- Borg, O. Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A Computational Study on the Lowest Triplet State of Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes used in Artificial Photosynthesis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 112:19, s. 4470-4476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential energy surfaces of the first excited triplet state of some ruthenium polypyridyl complexes were investigated by means of density functional theory. Focus was placed on the interaction between the geometrical changes accompanying the photoactivity of these complexes when used as antenna complexes in artificial photosynthesis and dye-sensitized solar cells and the accompanying changes in electronic structure. The loss process (3)MLCT --> (3)MC can be understood by means of ligand-field splitting, traced down to the coordination of the central ruthenium atom.
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| 8. |
- Borg, Sixten, et al.
(författare)
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The cost-effectiveness of treatment with erythropoietin compared to red blood cell transfusions for patients with chemotherapy induced anaemia: a Markov model.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden). - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 47:6, s. 1009-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a common complication of chemotherapy. As anaemia can lead to e.g. fatigue, depression, social isolation and chest pain it diminishes physical capacity and quality of life. It is generally accepted that symptomatic anaemia should be corrected. Treatment options include red blood cell transfusion (RBCT), erythropoietin (EPO) administration or a combination of both. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of treatment with EPO (epoetin alfa), compared to treatment with RBCT for patients with chemotherapy-induced anaemia in Sweden from a health care perspective. METHOD: A model was developed for estimating incremental costs and QALY gains associated with EPO treatment compared to treatment with RBCTs, based on a model commissioned by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence and adjusted to reflect Swedish treatment practice. Data regarding patient characteristics, response rates, and RBCT was derived from a Swedish observational study of EPO treatment in cancer patients with chemotherapy related anaemia. Swedish guidelines and unit costs were used throughout the study. A systematic review of EPO for treatment of anaemia associated with cancer was used to estimate QALY gains associated with changes in Hb-concentrations in our model. RESULTS: The model's results validate well to real world data from three major hospitals in Sweden. The cost per QALY gained from administration of EPO was estimated at EUR 24,700 in the base case analysis. Practicing an EPO treatment target Hb-level of 12 g/dl yields a cost per QALY about 40% lower than practicing a Hb-target level of 13 g/dl, which is in agreement with updated recommendations of using a 12 g/dl target. CONCLUSION: The estimated cost per QALY falls well within the range acceptable in Sweden when practicing a Hb-target level of 12 g/dl. The incremental cost of elevating Hb-levels above 13 g/dl is very high in relation to the incremental QALY gain achieved.
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| 10. |
- Carroll, David C., et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic control and enhancement of laser-accelerated protons using multiple laser pulses
- 2009
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Ingår i: Comptes Rendus. Physique. - : Elsevier BV. - 1631-0705. ; 10:2-3, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of schemes involving multiple laser pulses to enhance and control the properties of beams of protons accelerated in ultra-intense laser irradiation of planar foil targets is discussed. Specifically, the schemes include the use of a second laser pulse to produce and control preplasma expansion of the target to enhance energy coupling to the proton beam; the use of a second laser pulse to drive shock deformation of the target to change the direction of the proton beam; and a scheme involving dual high intensity laser pulses to change the properties of the sheath field, with the aim of modifying the proton energy spectrum. An overview of our recent experimental and theoretical results is given. The overall aim of this work is to determine the extent to which the properties of the sheath-accelerated proton beam can be optically controlled, to enable beam delivery at high repetition rates. To cite this article: D.C. Carroll et al., C. R. Physique 10 (2009). (C) 2009 Academie des sciences. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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