| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study : objectives and design
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 278:6, s. 645-659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Boen, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the global brain differences : intraindividual variability differences in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 bp1-bp2 deletion carriers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:2, s. 147-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference.Results: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.Conclusions: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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| 4. |
- Cornelissen, Gerard, et al.
(författare)
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Freely Dissolved Concentrations and Sediment-Water Activity Ratios of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in the Open Baltic Sea
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 42:23, s. 8733-8739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the open sea have heretofore been measured by filtering. and extracting large amounts of water. Measurement of freely dissolved concentrations with this technique is difficult because of corrections for sorption to dissolved organic matter. In this study we use a novel, more economic technique using equilibrium passive samplers consisting of 17-mu m thin polyoxymethylene (POM-17), capable of measuring freely dissolved aqueous concentrations (C-W) in pristine (i.e., background) locations. POM-17 was employed in an extensive field campaign at five stations in the open Baltic sea to obtain C-W at two depths (1 m above the seafloor and 25 m below the surface). Median C-W in the overlying water was 2.3 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/m(3) PCDD/Fs and 15 pg/L sum 7-PCB, with generally less than a factor two variation among sites and depths. Also freely dissolved concentrations of native compounds in the surface sediment porewater (C-PW) were determined in laboratory batch experiments. The data were used to derive sediment-water activity ratios, which indicate the diffusive flux direction. It was found that the PCDD/Fs and PCBs were in close equilibrium between the sediment porewater and the overlying water. Comparison of C-PW with total sediment concentrations indicated that more than 90% of the compounds were sorbed to sedimentary black carbon.
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| 5. |
- Cornelius, Barbara, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurial studies: The dynamic research front of a developing social science
- 2006
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1042-2587 .- 1540-6520. ; 30:3, s. 375-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Entrepreneurship research has been built upon a historical foundation grounded in economic change. To understand the development of the field, it is useful to understand the motivations and interests of key scholars and to trace the linkages between these scholars and other authors, from the transient to the contributor. This has been done through a bibliometric analysis of research articles cited between 1982 and 2004. Entrepreneurship has developed from a subdiscipline of management studies reliant on alien terms and cognitive methods toward a separate field with increasing complexities of its own. While not fully mature, entrepreneurship shows all the signs of a maturing field from its increasingly internal orientation and the establishment of key areas of research through to an enhanced, discipline-specific, theoretical approach with a professional language of its own.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fors, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle and nickel allergy in a Swedish adolescent population : effects of piercing, tattooing and orthodontic appliances
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Society for the Publication of Acta Dermato - Venereologica. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 92:6, s. 664-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of life-style practices in adolescents and their association with nickel allergy. Upper secondary school pupils (n = 4,376; 15-23 years) were patch-tested for nickel aller-gy, follow-ing completion of a questionnaire (answered by 6,095). Almost 86% girls and 21% of boys reported piercing. More girls (6%) than boys (3%) had a tattoo. Twenty-six percent of the girls and 18% of the boys were regular smokers. Vegetarian/vegan diets were reported by 20% of girls and by 6% of boys. Piercing, female gender, and vocational programme increased the risk of nickel allergy, whereas orthodontic appliance treat-ment prior to piercing reduced the risk of nickel allergy. Pupils in vocational programmes had the highest prevalence of nickel allergy. Lifestyle behaviours are interconnected and cluster in subgroups of adolescents. Female sex, piercing and choice of educational programme are prominent lifestyle markers. A trend shift is observed, where more girls than boys report tattooing.
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| 8. |
- Fors, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel allergy : prevalence in a population of Swedish youths from patch test and questionnaire data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - Copenhagen : Munksgaard. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 58:2, s. 80-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of body piercing and orthodontic treatment has increased during recent decades. Such changes in lifestyle may influence the occurrence of nickel allergy.Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of nickel allergy in a Swedish youth population.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 6095 adolescents answered a questionnaire on their lifestyle and medical history, and 4439 consented to patch testing for contact allergy. Patch test results were adjusted for dropouts by a missing value analysis.Results: The prevalence of self-reported dermatitis from contact with metal items was 14.8%. Patch testing showed nickel sensitization in 9.9% of the subjects, and in significantly more girls than boys, 13.3% versus 2.5%, respectively. Taking the dropout into account, the estimated true prevalence of nickel sensitivity evaluated by test reading at D4 is 11.8% in girls and 1.6% in boys.Conclusions: The prevalence of nickel sensitization was higher for girls and slightly lower for boys compared with previous Swedish data. Self-reported information on metal dermatitis as an estimate of nickel allergy has low validity. When possible, missing value analysis should be performed to account for dropouts.
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| 9. |
- Fors, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Nickel allergy in relation to piercing and orthodontic appliances : a population study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 67:6, s. 342-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Studies have shown conflicting results on the association between nickel exposure from orthodontic appliances and nickel sensitization.Objectives & Method. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the association between nickel sensitization and exposure to orthodontic appliances and piercings. 4376 adolescents were patch tested following a questionnaire asking for earlier piercing and orthodontic treatment. Exposure to orthodontic appliances was verified in dental records.Results. Questionnaire data demonstrated a reduced risk of nickel sensitization when orthodontic treatment preceded piercing (OR 0.46; CI 0.27–0.78). Data from dental records demonstrated similar results (OR 0.61, CI 0.36–1.02), but statistical significance was lost when adjusting for background factors. Exposure to full, fixed appliances with NiTi-containing alloys (OR 0.31, CI 0.10–0.98) as well as a pooled ‘high nickel-releasing’ appliance group (OR 0.56, CI 0.32–0.97) prior to piercing was associated with a significantly reduced risk of nickel sensitization.Conclusion. High nickel-containing orthodontic appliances preceding piercing reduces the risk of nickel sensitization by a factor 1.5–2. The risk reduction is associated with estimated nickel release of the appliance and length of treatment. Sex, age at piercing and number of piercings are also important risk indicators. Research on the role of dental materials in the development of immunological tolerance is needed.
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| 10. |
- Fällman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Bidirectional signaling between Yersinia and its target cell
- 1998
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Ingår i: Folia microbiologica (Prague). - 0015-5632 .- 1874-9356. ; 43:3, s. 263-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventing the early host immune defense allows pathogenic Yersinia to proliferate in lymphatic tissue. This ability depends on signaling that occurs between the bacteria and the host cells. Following intimate contact with the target cell a signal is generated within the bacterium that results in increased expression of virulence-associated proteins that are subsequently delivered into the infected cell. These proteins, designated Yops, interfere with the host-cell signaling pathways that are normally activated to eliminate infectious agents.
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