| 1. |
- Carlsson, Eva, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Concerns and quality of life before surgery and during the recovery period in patients with rectal cancer and an ostomy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing (WOCN). - : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. - 1071-5754 .- 1528-3976. ; 37:6, s. 654-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Rectal cancer is the most common reason for a person to undergo ostomy surgery. The aim of this study was to assess concerns and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before surgery and during the first 6 months following ostomy surgery in the presence of rectal cancer. SUBJECTS AND SETTINGS: The sample comprised 57 patients at a university hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden. Their median age was 66 years (range, 30-87); 35 men and 22 women participated in the study. METHODS: Participants prospectively answered questionnaires preoperatively, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.Concerns were assessed using the rating form of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patient Concerns, and HRQOL was evaluated using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Results were compared with population norms. RESULTS: Participants expressed concerns associated with developing cancer, being a burden on others, and related to the uncertain nature of disease. Health-related quality of life scores dropped significantly in 6 of 8 domains when preoperative scores were compared to those obtained 1 month postoperatively, but scores improved at 6 months. There were significant differences between preoperative study group scores and population norms on physical and emotional role function, social function, and for mental health domains. Significant differences persisted when population norms were compared to study group scores 6 months following surgery on all these domains except mental health. Participants identified good relations with significant others, social and leisure activities, psychological issues, and health as important for maintaining QOL. Obstacles to maintaining QOL included fatigue, pain, illness-induced limitations in life, and worries over what their new life would entail. CONCLUSION: Surgical management of rectal cancer raises concerns and profoundly impairs QOL during the first several postoperative months. © 2010 Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Eriksson, K., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke
- 2023
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Ingår i: Teamarbete i neurologisk vård. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144158174 ; , s. 73-114
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Jenkins, Samantha, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocolloidal amorphous silica particles : Part I.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 127:22, s. 224711-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous silica nanoparticles in aqueous solution, with diameter of 4.4 nm and with four different background electrolyte concentrations, to extract the mean force acting between the two silica nanoparticles. Dependences of the interparticle forces on the separation and the background electrolyte concentration were demonstrated. The nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was investigated. A "patchy" double layer of adsorbed sodium counterions was observed. Dependences of the interparticle potential of mean force on the separation and the background electrolyte concentration were demonstrated. Direct evidence of the solvation forces is presented in terms of changes of the water ordering at the surfaces of the isolated and double nanoparticles. The nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was investigated in terms of quantifying the effects of the number of water molecules separately inside each pair of nanoparticles by defining an impermeability measure. A direct correlation was found between the impermeability (related to the silica surface "hairiness") and the disruption of water ordering. Differences in the impermeability between the two nanoparticles are attributed to differences in the calculated electric dipole moment.
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| 5. |
- Jenkins, Samantha, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics simulation of nanocolloidal amorphous silica particles: Part III
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulations were applied to four pairs of amorphous silica nanoparticles, two pairs having a diameter of 2.0 nm and two pairs with diameter 3.2 nm. The silica nanoparticles were immersed in a background electrolyte consisting of Ca2+ and Cl− ions and water and mean forces acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles were extracted at four different background electrolyte concentrations. The pH was indirectly accounted for via the ratio of silicon to sodium used in the simulations. Dependence of the interparticle potential of mean force on the center-of-mass separation and the silicon to sodium ratio (5:1 and 20:1) is demonstrated. A Si:Na+ ratio of 5:1 gave more repulsive interparticle potentials and lower numbers of internanoparticle or “bridging” hydrogen bonds. Conversely a Si:Na+ ratio of 20:1 yielded more attractive potentials and higher numbers of bridging hydrogen bonds. The nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was also investigated. The effect of the sodium double layer on water ordering was observed. The number of water molecules trapped inside the nanoparticles was investigated, and at the highest background ionic concentrations were found to consistently behave in accordance with there being an osmotic pressure. This study highlights the effect of divalent (Ca2+) background ions on the interparticle potentials compared with previous work using monovalent (Na+) background ions. Mechanisms of coagulation and the stability of silica nanocolloids found from this work appear to be in agreement with findings from experiments described in the literature.
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| 6. |
- Jenkins, Samantha, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular dynamics simulations of nanocolloidal amorphous silica particles: Part II
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 128:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explicit molecular dynamics simulations were applied to a pair of amorphous silica nanoparticles with diameter of 3.2 nm immersed in a background electrolyte. Mean forces acting between the pair of silica nanoparticles were extracted at four different background electrolyte concentrations. The dependence of the interparticle potential of mean force on the separation and the silicon to sodium ratio, as well as on the background electrolyte concentration, are demonstrated. The pH was indirectly accounted for via the ratio of silicon to sodium used in the simulations. The nature of the interaction of the counterions with charged silica surface sites (deprotonated silanols) was also investigated. The effect of the sodium double layer on the water ordering was investigated for three Si:Na+ ratios. The number of water molecules trapped inside the nanoparticles was investigated as the Si:Na+ ratio was varied. Differences in this number between the two nanoparticles in the simulations are attributed to differences in the calculated electric dipole moment. The implications of the form of the potentials for aggregation are also discussed.
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| 7. |
- Jenkins, Samantha, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The role of hydrogen bonding in nanocolloidal amorphous silica particles in electrolyte solutions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of colloid and interface science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-7103 .- 0021-9797.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explicit solvent (water) molecular dynamics simulations were undertaken containing three pairs of amorphous silica nanoparticles, having diameters of 2.0nm, 2.4nm and 2.8nm, respectively. Mean forces acting between the silica nanoparticles were calculated in a background electrolyte, i.e., NaCl at four different concentrations. Dependence of the inter-particle potential of mean force on the center of mass separation, silicon to sodium ratio (Si:Na(+)), background electrolyte concentration, number of hydrogen bonds directly linking pairs of silica nanoparticles and the density of charged surface sites, are calculated. The pH was indirectly accounted for via the ratio of silicon to sodium used in the simulations. The close relationship between the variation of the number of hydrogen bonds between the pairs of silica nanoparticles and the inter-particle potential of mean force indicates that the degree of inter-particle hydrogen bonding quantifies, for a given size of nanoparticle, the degree of nanoparticle 'stickiness'. Simulations also show that the number of hydrogen bonds between the charged surface (O(-)) sites and the surrounding water molecules increases with increase in charged sites, in agreement with the interaction behavior of silica nanoparticles usually seen in experiments.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Björn N., et al.
(författare)
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Empathy and Universal Values Explicated by the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Psychology. - : Routledge. - 0022-4545 .- 1940-1183. ; 156:6, s. 610-619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research reports that empathy is on the decline in present-day society together with an increasing trend in self-enhancing values. Based on the empathy-altruism hypothesis we investigated whether these constructs are interlinked, by analyzing the relationships between emotional and cognitive empathy and 10 universal values. In the first study, using a middle-aged US sample, the results showed that empathy was strongly and positively related to altruistic values and negatively to self-enhancing values in a pattern which aligned with the empathy-altruism hypothesis. In a second confirmation study, these findings were replicated and extended, while also controlling for the Big Five personality traits, to discount that empathy is only captured by basic personality. Only emotional empathy, not cognitive empathy, accounted for up to 18% additional variance in altruistic values, which further confirmed the emphasis on feelings, as postulated by the empathy-altruism hypothesis.
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| 9. |
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