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1.
  • Müser, M. H., et al. (författare)
  • Meeting the Contact-Mechanics Challenge
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Tribology letters. - : Springer New York LLC. - 1023-8883 .- 1573-2711. ; 65:4
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper summarizes the submissions to a recently announced contact-mechanics modeling challenge. The task was to solve a typical, albeit mathematically fully defined problem on the adhesion between nominally flat surfaces. The surface topography of the rough, rigid substrate, the elastic properties of the indenter, as well as the short-range adhesion between indenter and substrate, were specified so that diverse quantities of interest, e.g., the distribution of interfacial stresses at a given load or the mean gap as a function of load, could be computed and compared to a reference solution. Many different solution strategies were pursued, ranging from traditional asperity-based models via Persson theory and brute-force computational approaches, to real-laboratory experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of a model, in which the original assignment was scaled down to the atomistic scale. While each submission contained satisfying answers for at least a subset of the posed questions, efficiency, versatility, and accuracy differed between methods, the more precise methods being, in general, computationally more complex. The aim of this paper is to provide both theorists and experimentalists with benchmarks to decide which method is the most appropriate for a particular application and to gauge the errors associated with each one..
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  • Pollard, R. B., et al. (författare)
  • Safety and efficacy of the peptide-based therapeutic vaccine for HIV-1, Vacc-4x : A phase 2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: The Lancet - Infectious diseases. - 1473-3099 .- 1474-4457. ; 14:4, s. 291-300
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Present combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) alone does not cure HIV infection and requires lifelong drug treatment. The potential role of HIV therapeutic vaccines as part of an HIV cure is under consideration. Our aim was to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of Vacc-4x, a peptide-based HIV-1 therapeutic vaccine targeting conserved domains on p24Gag, in adults infected with HIV-1. Methods: Between July, 2008, and June, 2010, we did a multinational double-blind, randomised, phase 2 study comparing Vacc-4x with placebo. Participants were adults infected with HIV-1 who were aged 18-55 years and virologically suppressed on cART (viral load <50 copies per mL) with CD4 cell counts of 400 × 106 cells per L or greater. The trial was done at 18 sites in Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Participants were randomly assigned (2:1) to Vacc-4x or placebo. Group allocation was masked from participants and investigators. Four primary immunisations, weekly for 4 weeks, containing Vacc-4x (or placebo) were given intradermally after administration of adjuvant. Booster immunisations were given at weeks 16 and 18. At week 28, cART was interrupted for up to 24 weeks. The coprimary endpoints were cART resumption and changes in CD4 counts during treatment interruption. Analyses were by modified intention to treat: all participants who received one intervention. Furthermore, safety, viral load, and immunogenicity (as measured by ELISPOT and proliferation assays) were assessed. The 52 week follow-up period was completed in June, 2011. For the coprimary endpoints the proportion of participants who met the criteria for cART resumption was analysed with a logistic regression model with the treatment effect being assessed in a model including country as a covariate. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00659789. Findings: 174 individuals were screened; because of slow recruitment, enrolment stopped with 136 of a planned 345 participants and 93 were randomly assigned to receive Vacc-4x and 43 to receive placebo. There were no differences between the two groups for the primary efficacy endpoints in those participants who stopped cART at week 28. Of the participants who resumed cART, 30 (34%) were in the Vacc-4x group and 11 (29%) in the placebo group, and percentage changes in CD4 counts were not significant (mean treatment difference -5·71, 95% CI -13·01 to 1·59). However, a significant difference in viral load was noted for the Vacc-4x group both at week 48 (median 23 100 copies per mL Vacc-4x vs 71 800 copies per mL placebo; p=0·025) and week 52 (median 19 550 copies per mL vs 51 000 copies per mL; p=0·041). One serious adverse event, exacerbation of multiple sclerosis, was reported as possibly related to study treatment. Vacc-4x was immunogenic, inducing proliferative responses in both CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations. Interpretation: The proportion of participants resuming cART before end of study and change in CD4 counts during the treatment interruption showed no benefit of vaccination. Vacc-4x was safe, well tolerated, immunogenic, seemed to contribute to a viral-load setpoint reduction after cART interruption, and might be worth consideration in future HIV-cure investigative strategies. Funding: Norwegian Research Council GLOBVAC Program and Bionor Pharma ASA.
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5.
  • Bergström, Lars Magnus, et al. (författare)
  • A model-independent evaluation of experimental data, and comparison with theory, of synergistic effects in mixtures of an ionic and a nonionic surfactant
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 19:26, s. 10719-10725
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Critical micelle concentrations for mixtures of an anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a nonionic (decyl beta-glucoside) surfactant was obtained from surface tension measurements at different concentrations of added NaCl. The observed synergistic effects were analyzed by means of introducing a novel model-independent synergy parameter. The model-independent evaluation has enabled the comparison of experimental results with a theoretical model based on the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) mean field theory for spherical, cylindrical, and planar geometries, respectively. We found that best agreement with experimental data was obtained for largely curved structures (spherical and cylindrical micelles) at all [NaCl], which is consistent with the fact that rather small micelles, as a rule, form at the critical micelle concentration. Moreover, the PB theory was found to better describe synergistic behavior of the experimental data than the more conventional regular mixture theory, in particular at low electrolyte concentrations. The magnitude of the observed synergistic effects was found to increase as a small amount of NaCl was added and reach a maximum at [NaCl] = 10 mM, in agreement with the PB theory. As expected, synergism was observed to decrease in magnitude upon further addition of NaCl.
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6.
  • Gårdebjer, Sofie, 1985, et al. (författare)
  • Using Hansen solubility parameters to predict the dispersion of nano-particles in polymeric films
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Polymer Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1759-9954 .- 1759-9962. ; 7:9, s. 1756-1764
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We suggest a rough and straightforward method to predict the dispersibility of modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) in nanocomposites using Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). The surface of CNC was modified using a novel approach where Y-shaped substituents with two different carbon chain lengths were attached to the surface. Approximate HSP values were calculated for the modified CNC, and dispersions of unmodified and modified CNC in solvents with varying HSPs were studied. The best dispersibility was observed in dichloromethane, when the CNC surface was modified with longer carbon chains. Dichloromethane has HSP similar to low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Nanocomposites with both unmodified and modified CNC were produced. The materials with modified CNC showed increased adhesion between the filler and the matrix, followed by a decreased water permeability compared to unmodified CNC, suggesting a better dispersibility of modified CNC in LDPE and confirming the usefulness of this approach.
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7.
  • LeBozec, Nathalie, et al. (författare)
  • Atmospheric corrosion of zinc-aluminum alloyed coated steel in depleted carbon dioxide environments
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : Electrochemical Society Inc.. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 165:7, s. C343-C353
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • NaCl induced corrosion of Zn-0.2Al, Zn-5Al and Zn-55Al coated steel was investigated at low and ambient CO2 levels.Weight loss measurements revealed an enhancement of the corrosion of Zn-0.2Al and particularly Zn-5Al in low CO2. This was connected to an increase of surface pH in a low CO2 atmosphere promoting the formation of ZnO and layered double hydroxide for Zn-5Al. For Zn-55Al, CO2 depletion did not affect the surface pH due to the acidification effect of Al3+. Preferential dissolution of zinc rich phase was observed on cross-sections, particularly in depleted CO2 experiments. Different sequences of corrosion product formation were proposed for the different Zn-Al coatings. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),
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8.
  • Lundgren, Sarah M., et al. (författare)
  • The influence of water on the adsorption and the tribological properties of unsaturated fatty acids in alkane solution
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part J, journal of engineering tribology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1350-6501 .- 2041-305X. ; 225:10, s. 1048-1055
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The moisture uptake of the three unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid has been investigated. The amount of water absorbed by the fatty acids increased with increasing degree of unsaturation. The influence of the water on the adsorption onto steel and lubricating properties of the fatty acid in hexadecane was investigated. The adsorption, as determined with quartz crystal microbalance of 0.1 and 1 wt% of oleic acid onto steel was not affected by the presence of water (1.5 mole% water in fatty acid) while 5.6 mole% water enhanced the adsorbed amount of linolenic acid. Even though this amount of water had a large influence on the adsorption of linolenic acid, it did not affect the friction and wear measured with high frequency reciprocating rig using oleic acid or linolenic acid in hexadecane.
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9.
  • Löveborn, D., et al. (författare)
  • Weldability of Aluminium Alloys for Automotive Applications
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Physics Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1875-3892. - 9781510848900 ; , s. 89-99
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Restrictions in CO2-emissions have caused increased demands on decreased weight and increased use of lightweight materials in the automotive industry. Aluminium has shown to be of great interest due to its beneficial weight to strength ratio, and are suitable for hang-on parts such as roof, doors etc. However, the use of aluminium requires reliable joining techniques. This project has been focusing on laser welding of aluminium. It have been reported earlier that hot cracks and porosity are common defects while joining aluminium with laser welding. The aim with this project has been to produce crack free laser welds while joining thin aluminium sheets. Two different optics have been used in this project, oscillating-and triple-spot optics. The results from the experiments show that both the oscillating optics and the triple-spot optics can produce crack free welds. The amount of pores is shown to be low for both cases. The results do also show that the amount of pores in the welds increases with the weld length while the flange length is of minor impact. The mechanical properties are similar for the both optics. The oscillation specimens receive a higher tensile strength while the triple-spot specimens receive a larger elongation at break value. © 2017 The Authors.
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10.
  • Persson, J., et al. (författare)
  • How hydrological and hydraulic conditions affect performance of ponds
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Ecological Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8574 .- 1872-6992. ; 21:4-5, s. 259-269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the 1990s there has been a growing interest in (re)constructed wetlands and ponds for treatment of agricultural runoff, sewage water, and stormwater. Some of these facilities, however, are poorly designed in terms of hydrological and hydraulic performance, which strongly affects their treatment capacity. This paper gives an overview of the present knowledge regarding pond hydraulics in terms of effective volume ratio and dispersion. The importance of these parameters is demonstrated by modelling of nitrogen removal in 13 ponds of different design. The results show that effective volume ratio has a clear influence, which increases when removal rate coefficients increase, while dispersion is of minor importance for removal efficiency. Finally, the concept of hydraulic efficiency is discussed in the light of these results. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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