| 1. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Anger and disgust shape judgments of social sanctions across cultures, especially in high individual autonomy societies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When someone violates a social norm, others may think that some sanction would be appropriate. We examine how the experience of emotions like anger and disgust relate to the judged appropriateness of sanctions, in a pre-registered analysis of data from a large-scale study in 56 societies. Across the world, we find that individuals who experience anger and disgust over a norm violation are more likely to endorse confrontation, ostracism and, to a smaller extent, gossip. Moreover, we find that the experience of anger is consistently the strongest predictor of judgments of confrontation, compared to other emotions. Although the link between state-based emotions and judgments may seem universal, its strength varies across countries. Aligned with theoretical predictions, this link is stronger in societies, and among individuals, that place higher value on individual autonomy. Thus, autonomy values may increase the role that emotions play in guiding judgments of social sanctions.
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| 2. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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| 3. |
- Rahmani, M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal management and design optimization of heatsink for cooling performance improvement during transient heat generation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 61, s. 1665-1668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heatsinks have long been used for cooling of electronic components to maintain them under the maximum allowed operational temperature. Forced air cooling with heatsink is suitable and enough efficient for low power applications cooling. Varieties of heatsinks are proposed by specialized industries to cool different kinds of electronic components. However, in most cases we need the appropriate heatsink to each specific case and particularly under transient heat generation that can be caused by many electronic or power electronic devices. The heat transport and evacuation process is tightly related to the heatsink performance. This paper examines the cooling characteristics of a heatsink used in a specific industrial application. The investigation is performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the heat transfer performance of the heatsink is mainly determined by the Nusselt number which can be calculated from the numerical results. Analysis and discussion of the numerical results and especially the level of Nusselt number obtained at the contact surface of the heatsink with the surrounding cooling air allow optimization of the industrial heatsink shape to meet the requested cooling performance. Comparison of cooling performance before and after heatsink design optimization showed noticeable improvement.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Berglund, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of pain and dysfunction in the cervical and thoracic spine in persons with and without lateral elbow pain
- 2008
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Ingår i: Manual Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 1356-689X .- 1532-2769. ; 13:4, s. 295-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to Survey the prevalence of pain in the cervical and thoracic spine (C2-T7) in persons with and Without lateral elbow pain. Thirty-one subjects with lateral elbow pain and 31 healthy controls participated in the study. The assessment comprised a pain drawing, provocation tests of the cervical and thoracic spine, a neurodynamic test of the radial nerve, and active cervical range of motion. Seventy percent of the subjects with lateral elbow pain indicated pain in the cervical or thoracic spine, as compared to 16% in the control group (p< ;0.001). The frequency of pain responses to the provocation tests of the cervical and thoracic spine was significantly higher (p< ;0.05) in the lateral elbow pain (LEP) group, as was the frequency of pain responses to the neurodynamic test of the radial nerve (p< ;0.001). Cervical flexion and extension range of motion was significantly lower (p< ;0.01) in the LEP group. The results indicate a relation between lateral elbow pain and pain in the vertebral spine (C2-T7). The cervical and thoracic spine should be included in the assessment of patients with lateral elbow pain.
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| 6. |
- Hogland, William, et al.
(författare)
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Storage of organic materials, solid waste and biofuels - Risks for fires and fire fighting
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate changes together with the increased scarcity of raw material and natural resources place pressure on politicians, industry and society to optimize energy utilization and material recovery. The recycling and sorting of the solid waste and the need for long and short term storage is therefore steadily increasing as is the development of different types of storageand transportation of biofuels. Many of these stores are or will be located close to settlements, town districts and buildings of high monetary value which will increase the potential risk with associated fires and their effect on public health. Methods for the handling and storing organic materials are many, but whether after a short or long time, these all have a propensity to end up with self ignition. Sweden has increased the number of incinerators for solid waste by almost 40 % during the new millennium. Further, numerous upgrades of old incinerators have been carried out and a large volume of storage of waste fuels is needed. This paper presents experience from storage of waste fuels, risks of fire, and issues associated with fire fighting, emissions, and financial impact. Discussions of future trends for the storage of organic material, waste and biofuels as well as the risk of energy and material loss and environmental pollution by smoke and danger for health are included as well as the need for further knowledge and research.
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| 7. |
- Koppejan, Japp, et al.
(författare)
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Health and safety Aspects of Solid Biomass Storage, Transportation and Feeding
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This publication focuses on the health and safety issues of the supply chain of solid biofuels with the objective to highlight commonly used mitigation methodologies to promote a better working environment when dealing with solid biofuels. It has been compiled as a joint effort by experts active in Tasks 32, 36, 37 and 40 of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement, with their own specific fields of expertise. Only through this cooperation, it was possible to touch upon the full range of issues in one publication that one may come across when developing projects in which solid biomass fuels are produced, traded or used. The properties of a biomass material and the intended use determine how the material should be safely transported and stored. Self-heating, off-gassing and dust explosions are significant challenges for the industry that have already resulted in significant losses of capital investments and even tragic loss of life. Likewise, exposure to biologically active material, such as moulds and spores may form a serious hazard for the health of workers involved. With the growth of the bioenergy sector, it is important not only that opportunities for bioenergy are implemented in an efficient economic manner, but also safely.
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| 8. |
- Schwartz, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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On-board Satellite Data Processing to Achieve Smart Information Collection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 9781510651524
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, it is a reality to launch, operate, and utilize small satellites at an affordable cost. However, bandwidth constraint is still an important challenge. For instance, multispectral and hyperspectral sensors generate a significant amount of data subjected to communication channel impairments, which is addressed mainly by source and channel coding aiming at an effective transmission. This paper targets a significant further bandwidth reduction by proposing an on-the-fly analysis technique on the satellite to decide which information is effectively useful for specific target applications, before coding and transmitting. The challenge would be detecting clouds and vessels having the measurements of red-band, green-band, blue-band, and near infrared band, aiming at sufficient probability of detection, avoiding false alarms. Furthermore, the embedded platform constraints must be satisfied. Experiments for typical scenarios of summer and winter days in Stockholm, Sweden, are conducted using data from the Mimir’s Well, the Saab AI-based data fusion system. Results show that non-relevant content can be identified and discarded, pointing out that for the cloudy scenarios evaluated, up to 73.1% percent of image content can be suppressed without compromising the useful information into the image. For the water regions in the scenarios containing vessels, results indicate that a stringent amount of data can be discarded (up to 98.5%) when transmitting only the regions of interest (ROI).
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| 9. |
- Schwartz, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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Satellite Image Compression Guided by Regions of Interest
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI. - 1424-8220. ; 23:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small satellites empower different applications for an affordable price. By dealing with a limited capacity for using instruments with high power consumption or high data-rate requirements, small satellite missions usually focus on specific monitoring and observation tasks. Considering that multispectral and hyperspectral sensors generate a significant amount of data subjected to communication channel impairments, bandwidth constraint is an important challenge in data transmission. That issue is addressed mainly by source and channel coding techniques aiming at an effective transmission. This paper targets a significant further bandwidth reduction by proposing an on-the-fly analysis on the satellite to decide which information is effectively useful before coding and transmitting. The images are tiled and classified using a set of detection algorithms after defining the least relevant content for general remote sensing applications. The methodology makes use of the red-band, green-band, blue-band, and near-infrared-band measurements to perform the classification of the content by managing a cloud detection algorithm, a change detection algorithm, and a vessel detection algorithm. Experiments for a set of typical scenarios of summer and winter days in Stockholm, Sweden, were conducted, and the results show that non-important content can be identified and discarded without compromising the predefined useful information for water and dry-land regions. For the evaluated images, only 22.3% of the information would need to be transmitted to the ground station to ensure the acquisition of all the important content, which illustrates the merits of the proposed method. Furthermore, the embedded platform’s constraints regarding processing time were analyzed by running the detection algorithms on Unibap’s iX10-100 space cloud platform.
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