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| 2. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Current situation of municipal solid waste landfills in Jordan
- 2011
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Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2456. ; 31:8, s. 1897-1898
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in inhabitants over the past five decades as a result of a high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economic and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits, resulting in an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) over time. The rate of production of MSW has been estimated at about 1,964,284 ton annually with an average generation rate of 0.95 kg/ cap/day in urban and 0.85 kg/cap/day in rural areas (SWEEP, 2010) and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by 2015. The major fraction of MSW composition is organic (Fig. 1), which implies a high moisture content value, as expected in a developing country where food is the major component of the solid waste stream (Abu Qdais, 2007). About 86% of the MSW is decomposable and recyclable, while the remainder is inert matter. The solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid population increase as well as the change in living standards and consumption patterns.
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| 3. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Design of sanitary landfills in Jordan for sustainable solid waste management
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sciences Research. - 1816-157X. ; 6:11, s. 1880-1884
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Municipal solid waste is one of the major environmental problems in Jordan. The World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of production of solid waste in Jordan was estimated annually of about 1.46 million ton, and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by the year 2015 with a generation of 0.9/kg/capita/day. This solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid increase of populations and change in living standards and the consumption patterns. The majorities of landfills in Jordan are practicing open dumping and thus cause various environmental problems such as health hazards, surface water and ground water contamination, odors, etc. Sanitary landfills offer a viable option for the Common Service Councils (CSCs) which are responsible for operation and management of disposal sites in the country, to deal with the environmental hazards caused by open dumps practice within its financial constraints. If sanitary landfills are conducted properly, the negative environmental impacts can be kept to a minimum level. This paper will discuss the environmental, economic and social opportunities of moving open dumps toward sanitary landfills such a transfer is necessary and it could play important roles in tackling the pressing solid waste problems and a forward step for an approach for integrated solid waste management in the country.
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| 4. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills in semi-arid climates - case study: Jordan
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Open Waste Management Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1876-4002. ; 5:1, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfilling is the most commonly used method for solid waste disposal in Jordan. It is an important source of pollution, which can be displayed through analysis of data for climatic conditions, hydrology and geology of the country. The migration of gas and leachate from the landfill body into the surrounding environment present a serious environmental concern, which include groundwater pollution, air pollution with impact on climate through methane emission and potential health hazards. This paper presents an overview of these environmental concerns from landfilling practices and their adverse environmental effects. In the paper, a number of remedial measures needed to minimize these environmental and socio-economic effects are suggested, with in total eight long term and eight short term measures for improving of the solid waste management system of Jordan.
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| 5. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Deferent Daily Cover Using Hydrus 2d/3d Simulation
- 2012
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Ingår i: ; , s. 114-118
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most important trends in landfill management policy over the last decade have been the universal adoption of the containment approach to emission control and the increasing legal requirement to install artificial membranes as bottom liners and caps to landfills which is now mandatory in many countries. The landfill cover is one of the most important aspects when designing and constructing landfills. The cover should minimize the quantity of water that infiltrates to the body of the solid waste landfills, reduce the rate of leachate generation, segregate solid waste from the surrounding environment, and control the risk of additional groundwater contamination and gas migration. Landfill covers are not standardized. Different covers have been proposed and executed all over the world. The selection of the suitable cover type is a big challenge especially in arid and semi-arid countries. Jordan is considered to be a semi-arid country. In Jordan, more than 20 landfills are in operation. Landfilling practiced in Jordan is generally dumping the waste in trenches with leveling and compacting by trash compactors to reduce the size and the thickness of the layers, and finally covering the waste with 0.5 m from the landfill soil in daily basis. This cover usually ends to be the cap during landfill working time and sometimes after closing. To assess the efficiency of a certain cover with particular concentration on landfills in arid and semi-arid areas, many field studies should be adopted along an extensive time period, confirming the efficiency of the landfill cover. Cost, time, and labor demands are still the major obstacles for conducting such field studies. Other methods should be considered for evaluation of the landfill cover efficiency and also supporting correct evaluation of the performance of landfill covers. Numerical simulation with appropriate soil parameters is an inexpensive, fast, and labor saved tool for modeling water flow and solute transport in saturated and unsaturated media.
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| 6. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Cover Effect in Mafraq Landfill –Jordan Using Hydrus-2d Simulation
- 2011
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Ingår i: IWWG. ; 13, s. 581-582
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model for water flow and solute transport, Hydrus-2D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover thickness and the antecedent water content (Ө) of the soil beneath the landfill on the chloride percolation below the landfill. Series of simulation scenarios were performed using season varying climatic data during a 30-year period including two varying factors; thickness of landfill cover (0, 50, 100 cm) and the antecedent soil water content (0.12 and 0.20 m3m-3). The simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all location within soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the MSW leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover increased the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreased. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increased. The simulation results showed also that the impact of antecedent soil water content on chloride concentration reduction increase as the cover thickness increased. Based on the result, it was recommended to use a landfill cover to reduce the chloride concentration. Cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low antecedent soil water content.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal Landfilling Practice and Its Impact on the Water Resources - Jordan
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Environment. - 2163-1581. ; 4:5, s. 213-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordan is considered one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, with less than 150 cubic meters freshwater available per capita annually. Groundwater resources are clearly vital for Jordan´s population and economic wellbeing. It´s quality and amount has therefore to be managed in a sustainable way avoiding possible contaminations. Unfortunately the groundwater quality is threatened by several factors including unsafe landfilling. Jordan has been facing a unique situation in solid waste management due to sudden population and the change in living standards. Serious environmental problems are connected to this, which could threaten human, surface water and ground water. With the current regulation and attention focused in many environmental aspects in the country, the risk of water resources contamination is not completely recognized. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of environmental problems associated to the mismanagement of solid waste and the possible threats for human and water resources.
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| 9. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Jordan - Current Conditions and Prospective Future
- 2010
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9783852341156 ; , s. 71-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economical and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits in the community, resulting in an increase in the volume of Municipal solid waste (MSW) with time. World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of production of solid waste in Jordan was estimated annually of about 1.46 million ton, and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by year 2015 with a generation of 0.9 kg/capita/day. This increasing in the amounts of MSW is not yet accompanied with the proper management practice in Landfilling resources. It poses negative effects on the human health and environment. Throughout the country there are 24 landfills handling Municipal solid waste; one of the landfills is designed for sanitary landfilling but the others don’t have even the simplest needed requirements at present. In this work we discussed the general issues of the current situation of landfills, a recent literature on landfills has been reviewed, and data on the total amount of generation, future production and the composition are presented. The review of the legislation indicates there is a need for a new developed regulation to deal with landfills in a clear framework. Also the main obstacles which stand against developing this sector to sustainable levels in the coming future are identified. Suggestions and recommendations that should be taken in consideration for developing landfills are also presented.
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| 10. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical evaluation of different landfill daily cover in semiarid areas – Jordan
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9868. ; 16:2, s. 95-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and suitable daily landfill cover is considered the most important aspect for minimising the negative impact of landfills on the local environment and population, especially in arid and semiarid countries. In this study, numerical model, HYDRUS-2D/3D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover type, cover thickness and antecedent water content on the quantity and the rate of contaminant percolation through the Mafraq landfill in Jordan during a 30-year simulation period. Four different cover types (sandy loam, clay loam, silt and clay), three cover thicknesses (0, 50, 100 cm) and two antecedent soil water content values (θi = 0.12 and 0.20 m3m−3) were simulated. Initial chloride concentration of 665 mg/l which is equal to the measured concentration in Mafraq landfill leachate was used during simulation. Simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all locations within the soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover thickness increases, the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreases. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increases. The simulation results also showed that the effect of θi on chloride concentration reduction increases as the cover thickness increases. A cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low θi.
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