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- Bartels, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of nocturnal road traffic noise, bedroom window orientation, and work-related stress on subjective sleep quality: results of a cross-sectional study among working women.
- 2021
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 94, s. 1523-1536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the effect of work-related stress and road noise exposure on self-rated sleep and potential additive interaction effects.Sleep and predictor variables were surveyed within two subsamples with 2191 and 1764 working women in a cross-sectional study. Sleep was assessed using a single question on general sleep quality and four questions on specific sleep problems and subsequently dichotomized (poor sleep vs. no poor sleep). Work-related stress was operationalized by job strain and effort-reward imbalance. Nocturnal exposure to road traffic noise was assessed as (a) the orientation of the bedroom window to a quiet façade vs. a low-, medium- or high-trafficked street and (b) energy-equivalent sound pressure levels for night-time modelled at the most exposed façade (Lnight). We distinguished between low (<45dB(A)), medium (45-50dB(A)) and high exposure (>50dB(A)).Poor sleep was associated with job strain and effort-reward imbalance. The prevalence of poor sleep did not increase with increasing Lnight, but bedroom window orientation showed a non-significant trend. A quiet façade had a protective effect on sleep in each Lnight category. We found a non-significant trend for an additive interaction between bedroom window orientation and job strain.Noise levels modelled for the most exposed façade likely overestimate the actual exposure and thus may not be a precise predictor of poor sleep. Bedroom window orientation seems more relevant. Potential additive interaction effects between bedroom window orientation and job strain should be considered when interpreting epidemiological study results on noise-induced sleep disturbances.
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- Conaway, H Herschel, et al.
(författare)
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Retinoids inhibit differentiation of hematopoietic osteoclast progenitors.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The FASEB journal. - Bethesda, Md. : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 23:10, s. 3526-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Whether vitamin A promotes skeletal fragility, has no effect on fracture rate, or protects against bone loss is unclear. In the present study, effects of retinoids on osteoclast differentiation in cultured mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs), bone marrow macrophages (BMMs), spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by analyzing osteoclast formation and expression of genes important in signal transduction and osteoclast function. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) did not stimulate osteoclastogenesis in BMCs, but inhibited hormone and RANKL-induced gene expression and formation of osteoclasts. In BMMs, spleen cells, and RAW264.7 cells, osteoclast differentiation and formation stimulated by M-CSF/RANKL were inhibited (IC(50) = 0.3 nM) by ATRA. The effect was exerted at an early step of RANKL-induced differentiation. ATRA also abolished increases of the transcription factors c-Fos and NFAT2 stimulated by RANKL and suppressed down-regulation of the antiosteoclastogenic transcription factor MafB. By comparing effects of several compounds structurally related to ATRA, as well as by using receptor antagonists, evaluation pointed to inhibition being mediated by RARalpha, with no involvement of PPARbeta/delta. The results suggest that activation of RARalpha by retinoids in myeloid hematopoietic precursor cells decreases osteoclast formation by altering expression of the transcription factors c-Fos, NFAT2, and MafB.
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- Fredholm, Susanne, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Best practices cases in heritage interpretation: Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heritage Interpretation: a Look from Europe. Handbook of Best Practices.. ; , s. 207-219
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Manual of Good Practices in Heritage Interpretation (HI) in the European context offers an innovative approach to interpreters’ training and career, as such studies are very uncommon, due to the dispersion of information on interpretation. It also re- flects on the future of this sector, which is currently on the rise due to the international community's awareness of the importance of socialising heritage. Heritage communities are responsible for preserving and communicating heritage and thus for transmitting common European values related to cultural identity. Interpretation is a profession related directly to heritage awareness and preservation. One of the conclusions is that the profession of heritage interpreter is not fully recog- nised, and its competences are reduced to specific visitor-guide functions. This partial recognition overlooks many fundamental dimensions, as heritage interpreters are fo- cused on education and the transmission of heritage safeguarding values. Full recognition of heritage interpreter as a specific profession would involve understanding the ethics and responsibility of the profession for the preservation of heritage sites and their com- munication to the public, leading, among other things, to a more conscious perception of heritage as a social construction.
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- Johanen, Astera, et al.
(författare)
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Trabecular bone patterns as a fracture risk predictor: a systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 79:7, s. 482-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the assessment of trabecular bone patterns in dental radiographs, for fracture risk prediction, compared with the current diagnostic methods.The PRISMA guidelines were followed. According to predefined inclusion criteria (PICO), literature searches were focussed on published studies with analyses of trabecular bone patterns on intraoral and/or in panoramic radiographs, compared with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and/or Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), with the outcomes; fracture and/or sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis prediction. The included studies were quality-assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool and the certainties of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.The literature searches identified 2913 articles, whereas three were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Two longitudinal cohort studies evaluated the use of trabecular bone patterns to predict bone fractures. In one of the studies, the relative risk of fracture was significantly higher for women with sparse bone pattern, identified by visual assessment of dental radiographs, and in the other study by digital software assessment. Visual assessment in the second study did not show significant results. The cross-sectional study of digital analyses of trabecular bone patterns in relation to osteoporosis reported a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.69.Based on low certainty of evidence, trabecular bone evaluation on dental radiographs may predict fractures in adults without a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis, and based on very low certainty of evidence, it is uncertain whether digital image analyses of trabecular bone can predict osteoporosis.
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- Johansson, Lotta, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a sound environment intervention in an ICU : A feasibility study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Australian Critical Care. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1036-7314 .- 1878-1721. ; 31:2, s. 59-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Currently, it is well known that the sound environment in intensive care units (ICU) is substandard. Therefore, there is a need of interventions investigating possible improvements. Unfortunately, there are many challenges to consider in the design and performance of clinical intervention studies including sound measurements and clinical outcomes.Objectives: (1) explore whether it is possible to implement a full-scale intervention study in the ICU concerning sound levels and their impact on the development of ICU delirium; (2) discuss methodological challenges and solutions for the forthcoming study; (3) conduct an analysis of the presence of ICU delirium in the study group; and (4) describe the sound pattern in the intervention rooms.Methods: A quasi-randomized clinical trial design was chosen. The intervention consisted of a refurbished two-bed ICU patient room (experimental) with a new suspended wall-to-wall ceiling and a low frequency absorber. An identical two-bed room (control) remained unchanged.Inclusion criteria: Patients >18 years old with ICU lengths of stay (LoS) >48. h. The final study group consisted of 31 patients: six from the rebuilt experimental room and 25 from the control room. Methodological problems and possible solutions were continuously identified and documented.Results: Undertaking a full-scale intervention study with continuous measurements of acoustic data in an ICU is possible. However, this feasibility study demonstrated some aspects to consider before start. The randomization process and the sound measurement procedure must be developed. Furthermore, proper education and training are needed for determining ICU delirium.Conclusion: This study raises a number of points that may be helpful for future complex interventions in an ICU. For a full-scale study to be completed a continuously updated cost calculation is necessary. Furthermore, representatives from the clinic need to be involved in all stages during the project.
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| 10. |
- Kokoli, Theonitsa, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Toward absolute asymmetric synthesis of coordination polymers with bidentate sulfide ligands
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-328X. ; 724, s. 17-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In search for sulfide-containing coordination polymers that crystallize as conglomerates, five new copper(I) complexes with prochiral sulfide ligands have been prepared and characterized by single crystal Xray structure determination. Three unsymmetrical sulfides have been used: phenyl propargyl sulfide (Sprop), allyl methyl sulfide (Sally), and 2,5-dithiahexane (SS). In [CuCl(Sprop)](n) (1), layers are formed via pi-coordination of propargyl groups to copper(I). In [Cu2Br2(Sprop)(4)] (2), discrete dimers form with non-coordinating propargyl groups. In [CuCl(Sally)](n) (3), layers are formed via pi-coordination of allyl groups to copper(I), but disordered Sally ligands are also found. The mesitylcopper complex [Cu-4(Mes)(4)(Sally)(2)] (4) is chiral but discrete. In [Cu-4(Mes)(4)(SS)](n) (5), racemic chains are formed by the SS ligand. Three out of five complexes prepared thus form coordination polymers, and all of the five complexes (1-5) exhibit terminal sulfide ligands that could be oxidized selectively when incorporated in an enantiopure polymer. Unfortunately none of 1-5 crystallized as a conglomerate, but whether this reflects an inherent tendency in this system is too early to say. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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