| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Carey, J. L., et al.
(författare)
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Novel Arthroscopic Classification of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Sports Medicine. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-5465 .- 1552-3365. ; 44:7, s. 1694-1698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several systems have been proposed for classifying osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee during surgical evaluation. No single classification includes mutually exclusive categories that capture all of the salient features ov stability, chondral fissuring,0and fragment detachment. Furthermore, no study has assessed the reliability of these classification systems. Purpose: To determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of a novel, comprehensive arthroscopic classification system with mutually exclusivu OCD lesion types. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The Research in OsteoChondritis of the Knee (ROCK) study group developed a classification system for arthroscopic evaluation of OCD of the knee that includes 6 arthroscopic categories - 3 immobile types and 3 mobile types. To optymize comprehensibility and applycability, each was developed with a memorable name, a brief description, a line diagram corresponding to the archetypal arthroscopic appearance, and an arthroscopic photograph depicting this archetype. Thirty representative arthroscopic videos were evaluated by 10 orthopaedic surgeon raters, who classified each lesion. After 4 weeks, the raters again classified the OCD lesions depicted in the 30 videos in a new, randomly selected order. Reliability was assessed via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The interobserver reliability of this novel arthroscopy classification was estimated by an ICC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.91-0.97) for the first round and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98) for the second round. According to the standards for the magnitude of the reliability coefficient of Altman, these ICCs indicate that interobserver reliability was very good. The intraobserver reliability was estimated by an ICC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.97), which indicates that the intraobserver reliability was similarly very good. Conclusion: The ROCK OCD knee arthroscopy classification system demonstrated excellent intra- and interobserver reliability. In light of this reliability, this classification system may be used clinically and to facilitate future research, including multicenter studies for OCD. © American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine.
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| 3. |
- Lagerholm, M, et al.
(författare)
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Clustering ECG complexes using Hermite functions and self-organizing maps
- 2000
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1558-2531 .- 0018-9294. ; 47:7, s. 838-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An integrated method for clustering of QRS complexes is presented which includes basis function representation and self-organizing neural networks (NN's). Each QRS complex is decomposed into Hermite basis functions and the resulting coefficients and width parameter are used to represent the complex. By means of this representation, unsupervised self-organizing NNs are employed to cluster the data into 25 groups. Using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, the resulting clusters are found to exhibit a very low degree of misclassification (1.5%). The integrated method outperforms, on the MIT-BIH database, both a published supervised learning method as well as a conventional template cross-correlation clustering method.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Daniel, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Multi - model analyses of the economic and energy implications for China and India in a post-Kyoto climate regime
- 2012
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a modeling comparison project on how the2°C climate target could affect economic and energy systems development in China and India. The analysis uses a framework that harmonizes baseline developments and soft-links seven national and global models being either economy wide (CGE models) or energy system models. The analysis is based on a global greenhouse gas emission pathway that aims at a radiative forcing of 2.9 W/m2 in 2100 and with a policy regime based on convergence of per capita CO2 emissions with emissions trading. Economic and energy implications for China and India vary across models. Decreased energy intensity is the most important abatement approach in the CGE models, while decreased carbon intensity is most important in the energy system models. Reliance on Coal without Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is significantly reduced in most models, while CCS is a central abatement technology in energy system models, as is renewable and nuclear energy. Concerning economic impacts China bears in general a higher cost than India, as China benefits less from emissions trading. Costs are also affected by changes in fossil fuel prices, currency appreciation from capital inflow from carbon trading and timing of emission reductions.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Daniel, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-model comparison of the economic and energy implications for China and India in an international climate regime
- 2015
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Ingår i: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-2386 .- 1573-1596. ; 20:8, s. 1335-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a modeling comparison on how stabilization of global climate change at about 2 °C above the pre-industrial level could affect economic and energy systems development in China and India. Seven General Equilibrium (CGE) and energy system models on either the global or national scale are soft-linked and harmonized with respect to population and economic assumptions. We simulate a climate regime, based on long-term convergence of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, starting from the emission pledges presented in the Copenhagen Accord to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and allowing full emissions trading between countries. Under the climate regime, Indian emission allowances are allowed to grow more than the Chinese allowances, due to the per capita convergence rule and the higher population growth in India. Economic and energy implications not only differ among the two countries, but also across model types. Decreased energy intensity is the most important abatement approach in the CGE models, while decreased carbon intensity is most important in the energy system models. The reduction in carbon intensity is mostly achieved through deployment of carbon capture and storage, renewable energy sources and nuclear energy. The economic impacts are generally higher in China than in India, due to higher 2010–2050 cumulative abatement in China and the fact that India can offset more of its abatement cost though international emission trading.
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| 6. |
- Peterson, Carsten, et al.
(författare)
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Using hidden Markov models to characterize disease trajectories
- 2001
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Neural Networks and Expert Systems in Medicine and Healthcare Conference, 324-326 (2001), eds. G.M. Papadourakis. ; , s. 324-326
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel approach is developed for predicting body trajectories for cancer progression, where conditional probabilities of clinical data are modeled using Hidden Markov Model techniques. Basically, each potential body site is encoded by an N-letter code, and a disease trajectory is described in terms of a string of letters. Patient data base records are then represented by such strings with different lengths, start points and end points. The approach is explored using pathology data for non-Hodgkin lymphoma augmented with an artificial data base generated according to observed distributions in the clinical data. For the Hidden Markov Models a Bayesian approach is taken using the Hybrid Monte Carlo method, producing an ensemble of models rather than a single one. Using a test set consisting of both real and random trajectories, we estimate the performance of our Hidden Markov Model models and also extract most probable profiles. Given the limited data set size the results are very encouraging.
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| 7. |
- Stansby, Jennifer H., et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced steam oxidation resistance of uranium nitride nuclear fuel pellets
- 2024
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 230, s. 111877-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steam oxidation resistance of UN and UN-(20 vol%)ZrN fuel pellets is evaluated to enhance understanding of steam corrosion mechanisms in advanced nuclear fuel materials. In situ neutron diffraction shows the modified UN fuel pellets form a (U0.77,Zr0.23)N solid-solution and the sole crystalline oxidation product detected in bulk is (U0.77,Zr0.23)O2. U2N3 is not detected in significant quantities during the steam oxidation of UN or (U0.77,Zr0.23)N and stable lattice parameters show that hydriding does not take place. Steam oxidation rates, obtained via sequential Rietveld refinement show how (U0.77,Zr0.23)N has a higher activation energy (79 ± 1 kJmol−1 vs. 50 ± 5 kJmol−1), higher onset temperature (430 °C vs. 400 °C) and slower reaction rates for steam oxidation up to 616 °C, than pure UN. Throughout, both UN and (U0.77,Zr0.23)N exhibit linear (non-protective) oxidation kinetics, signifying that degradation of the fuel pellets is caused by the evolution of gaseous products at the interface followed by oxide scale spallation. This quantitative and mechanistic understanding of material degradation enables better defined operating regimes and points towards (U,Zr)N solid solutions as a promising strategy for the design of advanced nuclear fuel materials with enhanced steam corrosion resistance.
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