| 1. |
- Crona, Beatrice I., et al.
(författare)
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Using social-ecological syndromes to understand impacts of international seafood trade on small-scale fisheries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 35, s. 162-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globalization has increased the speed and flow of people, information, and commodities across space, integrating markets and increasing interdependence of geographically dispersed places worldwide. Places historically driven by largely local forces and market demands are now increasingly affected by drivers at multiple scales. Trade is particularly important in driving these changes and more fish is now exported to international markets than ever before. When small-scale fisheries are integrated into global markets, local social-ecological systems change with potentially both positive and negative impacts on livelihoods, economics and ecology, but few studies systematically investigate how and why the outcomes of market integration vary from case to case. This paper systematically assesses multiple (social, ecological, economic and institutional) local effects of market integration in cases around the world by drawing on the global environmental change syndromes approach. Furthermore, we examine the factors contributing to the syndromes observed. Our analysis identifies three distinct social-ecological syndromes associated with international seafood trade. Results suggest that the presence of strong and well-enforced institutions is the principal factor behind the syndrome characterized by sustained fish stocks, while a combination of weak institutions, patron-client relationships, high demand from China and highly vulnerable target species explain the other two syndromes distinguished by declining stocks, conflict and debt among fishers. A key finding is that the factors emerging as important for explaining the different syndromes derive from different scales (e.g. local market structures vs distant market characteristics), indicating a need for multi-level governance approaches to deal with the effects of market integration. Furthermore, the meta-analysis shows that each syndrome encompasses fisheries from multiple continents. This suggests that the increasingly global nature of the seafood trade appears to be driving local dynamics by creating similar conditions for vulnerabilities in localities around the world, lending support to the notion of teleconnectivity across geographic space.
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| 2. |
- Petersson, K M, et al.
(författare)
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A dynamic role of the medial temporal lobe during retrieval of declarative memory in man
- 1997
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-8119. ; 6:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in learning and memory is an important problem in cognitive neuroscience. Memory and learning processes that depend on the function of the MTL and related diencephalic structures (e.g., the anterior and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei) are defined as declarative. We have studied the MTL activity as indicated by regional cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography and statistical parametric mapping during recall of abstract designs in a less practiced memory state as well as in a well-practiced (well-encoded) memory state. The results showed an increased activity of the MTL bilaterally (including parahippocampal gyrus extending into hippocampus proper, as well as anterior lingual and anterior fusiform gyri) during retrieval in the less practiced memory state compared to the well-practiced memory state, indicating a dynamic role of the MTL in retrieval during the learning processes. The results also showed that the activation of the MTL decreases as the subjects learn to draw abstract designs from memory, indicating a changing role of the MTL during recall in the earlier stages of acquisition compared to the well-encoded declarative memory state.
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| 3. |
- Petersson, K M, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic changes in the functional anatomy of the human brain during recall of abstract designs related to practice
- 1999
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Ingår i: Neuropsychologia. - 0028-3932. ; 37:5, s. 87-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present PET study we explore some functional aspects of the interaction between attentional/control processes and learning/memory processes. The network of brain regions supporting recall of abstract designs were studied in a less practiced and in a well practiced state. The results indicate that automaticity, i.e., a decreased dependence on attentional and working memory resources, develops as a consequence of practice. This corresponds to the practice related decreases of activity in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and posterior parietal regions. In addition, the activity of the medial temporal regions decreased as a function of practice. This indicates an inverse relation between the strength of encoding and the activation of the MTL during retrieval. Furthermore, the pattern of practice related increases in the auditory, posterior insular-opercular extending into perisylvian supramarginal region, and the right mid occipito-temporal region, may reflect a lower degree of inhibitory attentional modulation of task irrelevant processing and more fully developed representations of the abstract designs, respectively. We also suggest that free recall is dependent on bilateral prefrontal processing, in particular non-automatic free recall. The present results confirm previous functional neuroimaging studies of memory retrieval indicating that recall is subserved by a network of interacting brain regions. Furthermore, the results indicate that some components of the neural network subserving free recall may have a dynamic role and that there is a functional restructuring of the information processing networks during the learning process.
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| 4. |
- Petersson, Joakim, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Victim Retraction From Police Investigations of Intimate Partner Violence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychology of Violence. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 2152-0828 .- 2152-081X. ; 14:1, s. 45-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Previous research has reported inconclusive results pertaining to the predictors for victim retraction and participation in police investigations of intimate partner violence (IPV). The aim of this study was therefore to examine characteristics and consequences associated with victim retraction and participation in police investigations of IPV. Additionally, we also examined characteristics and consequences in relation to victim retraction and participation in police risk management strategies.Method: We analyzed a sample of 668 cases of male-to-female IPV reported to Swedish police, where characteristics were retrieved mainly from risk assessments of IPV re-victimization conducted by the police for all cases. Additionally, follow-up information of prosecutions, convictions, and rates of IPV re-victimization were examined for each case.Results: The main results show a higher proportion of vulnerability factors present in cases where women retracted than in cases where they participated. In contrast, there were more risk factors present in cases where victims participated, and such participation was more likely to result in a perpetrator's prosecution and conviction. There was no significant association between IPV re-victimization and victim retraction or participation.Conclusion: Victim participation in the police investigation and the risk management increased the likelihood of conviction, illustrating the importance of criminal justice professionals supporting, encouraging, and motivating women who have experienced IPV to participate in the criminal justice process.
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| 5. |
- Strand, Susanne J. M., Docent, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Repeated and Systematic Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Areas in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Criminology. - : Springer. - 2662-9968 .- 2662-9976. ; 1:3, s. 220-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violence against women lacks geographical boundaries, although research demonstrates higher rates of such violence in rural areas compared to urban areas. The repeated and systematic intimate partner violence (IPV) is especially problematic in isolated areas. This study aims to investigate how repeated and systematic IPV, was handled by the criminal justice system in rural areas in Sweden and how risk and victim vulnerability factors were related to recidivism in this longitudinal prospective study. The sample consisted of alleged perpetrators of repeated and systematic IPV who had been either reported, charged, or convicted of repeated and systematic IPV defined according to the Swedish Law Gross Violation of a Woman’s Integrity targeting such violence, in two rural Swedish police districts during 2011–2014 (N = 258). Results demonstrated that 30% of IPV perpetrators were charged with the Gross violation offense and 5% were charged for other IPV-related offenses. The conviction for the Gross violation offense was 11% and 24% for other IPV-related offenses. 56% were not charged or convicted of any IPV-related offenses. Perpetrators convicted of the Gross Violation offense were more likely to receive longer prison sentences than perpetrators convicted of other IPV-related offenses. Victim cooperation in the police investigation increased the likelihood for prosecution with 7.3 times and for a conviction with 6.1 times. In terms of recidivism 24% engaged in IPV towards the same victim and another 27% recidivated into general criminality. Recidivists had higher summary risk ratings and more individual risk factors than non-recidivists, such as general criminality, employment problems and mental health problems, and victim vulnerability factors including personal problems. To reduce re-victimization, risk and vulnerability factors and supporting victims to cooperate in the police investigation should be considered when forming risk management strategies to protect victims of repeated and systematic IPV in such rural areas.
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| 6. |
- Dellmuth, Lisa M., et al.
(författare)
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Dataset on non-state actor participation in regional fisheries management organizations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Data in Brief. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3409. ; 34
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we present and describe a new dataset of non-state actor participation in seven regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). The dataset contains institutional, economic and ecological variables relevant for non-state actor participation in RFMOs and for RFMO effectiveness. To code non-state actor participation and institutional factors, we quantify information from publicly available RFMO reports as well as data from the Policy IV dataset. We pair these data with existing datasets on ecological and economic factors from the RAM Legacy and the Sea Around Us databases. This article describes the data collection process and the coded variables in detail.
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| 7. |
- Kivi, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Internet therapy for depression in Primary Care (PC)
- 2012
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Ingår i: IVth Biannual European forum for primary care (EFPC) Conference: Crossing Borders in Primary Care. 3-4 September 2012, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose Investigate if Internet therapy for depression is as effective as treatment as usual in the PC setting. Theory Research shows good efficacy for Internet therapy for depression. Internet might cost-efficiently enable delivery of high quality psychological treatment for patients in PC. Methods In this RCT-study we identified patients with mild-moderate depression at PC Centers in the Västra Götaland region. They were randomized to either Internet therapy (IT) or treatment as usual (TAU). Before inclusion structured interview was performed by psychologist/psychotherapist. The IT condition consist of 12 weeks access to a Behavioral Activation treatment programme on the internet, a workbook, support by the evaluating psychologist/psychotherapist via 3 telephone calls and weekly contact via secure e-mail (more telephone and/or e mail contact if needed). Outcome is measured by MADRS-S and BDI-II a! t 0, 3, 6 and 12 months. Findings At present, 60 patients are included. Our preliminary findings support the use of Internet therapy for depression in PC. In September 2012, data from 6 and 12 months follow-up will be available. Discussion Internet CBT could be an effective treatment of mild to moderate depression in PC. This RCT will give knowledge about effectiveness in primary care, team cooperation and patients’ perceptions.
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| 8. |
- Lundstrom, BN, et al.
(författare)
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Isolating the retrieval of imagined pictures during episodic memory: activation of the left precuneus and left prefrontal cortex
- 2003
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier BV. - 1095-9572 .- 1053-8119. ; 20:4, s. 1934-1943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The posterior medial parietal cortex and the left prefrontal cortex have both been implicated in the recollection of past episodes. In order to clarify their functional significance, we performed this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, which employed event-related source memory and item recognition retrieval of words paired with corresponding imagined or viewed pictures. Our results suggest that episodic source memory is related to a functional network including the posterior precuneus and the left lateral prefrontal cortex. This network is activated during explicit retrieval of imagined pictures and results from the retrieval of item-context associations. This suggests that previously imagined pictures provide a context with which encoded words can be more strongly associated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Turner, Russell, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Legal Minors Who Inject: Differences in Socio-Demographics and Treatment Needs Compared to Adults in a Swedish National Sample of People with Injecting Drug Use
- 2023
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Ingår i: Substance Use & Misuse. - 1082-6084 .- 1532-2491. ; 58:12, s. 1473-1482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundInjection drug use among legal minors is under-researched. Although the population may be small in absolute terms, treatment needs may be greater than for those who began injecting as adults. Such knowledge may help tailor services more effectively. Previous research tends to use selective samples or focuses solely on medical indicators. The present study uses a larger sample drawn from national register data in Sweden over a 9-year period (2013-2021) to analyze differences in medical and social treatment needs between people who began injecting as legal minors and their older counterparts.MethodData on first-time visitors to needle and syringe programmes (n = 8225, mean age 37.6, 26% women) were used. Historical socio-demographics and presenting treatment needs were compared between those with a debut injecting age under 18, and those who began injecting as adults.ResultsThe prevalence of injecting before 18 years was 29%. This group had more negative social circumstances, such as leaving school early, worse health, and greater service consumption, compared to those who began injecting as adults. In particular, they had been subjected to a greater level of control measures, such as arrest and compulsory care.ConclusionsThe present study shows that there are important health and social differences between those who inject prior to 18 and those who begin injecting as adults. This raises important questions for both child protection services and harm reduction approaches for legal minors who inject, who still qualify as 'children' in a legal and policy sense.
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| 10. |
- Bartels, Sara Laureen, et al.
(författare)
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Using Personas in the development of eHealth interventions for chronic pain : A scoping review and narrative synthesis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 32
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Behavioral eHealth interventions can enhance self-management and improve well-being in people with chronic pain. The development of these interventions calls for a user-centered approach to ensure that patient needs are appreciated. However, it may be challenging to involve patients; particularly during the early stages of the process. Fictional user profiles, known as Personas, can represent needs and guide designing eHealth interventions. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the use of Personas in the development of behavioral eHealth interventions for people with chronic pain with the aim to identify benefits and challenges. Methods: Bibliographic databases (Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, CINAHL) and registries (PubMed Central, medaRxiv) were systematically searched. In a double-reviewing process, n = 6830 hits and n = 351 full-texts were screened and read. Ten peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2022 were included in the narrative synthesis. Findings: Ten studies reported using "Pain Personas" in the development of eHealth interventions for such purposes as to gain a shared understanding of the user and to discuss solutions in team meetings, or for patients to identify with (if Personas are included in the intervention). Personas were based on qualitative and/or quantitative data. However, the procedure for creating Personas was only described in half of the included studies (n = 5). These five studies provided descriptive details of the Personas (i.e., picture, name, narrative of their pain behavior, technological skills, and motivation). Conclusions: Although Personas have been used by pain researchers in recent projects and were highlighted as an important ingredient in the development process, available design guidelines for the creation and use of Personas are not followed or communicated transparently. Benefits and challenges when using Personas in the development of eHealth interventions for people with chronic pain are discussed to support future eHealth efforts and to improve the quality of eHealth innovation in the field of pain.
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