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- Egebäck, Karl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Research on a Scania 11 liter ethanol fueled bus engine
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents research carried out on an alcohol fueled bus engine. The engine used was a six cylinder 11 liter compression ignition turbo- charged engine with an inter cooler. The research program included studies of the impact on the emissions when changing different engine components and different settings of the engine. A study of the impact on the engine performance and emissions when using different fuel compositions was also carried out. During the course of the work, the engine was equipped with oxidation catalysts of two different types, one of which was more efficient than the other concerning the oxidation of unburnt fuel related components. One of the main purposes of the research was to improve the emission characteristics of the engine by an optimization of the engine and its setting. The exhaust emissions were thoroughly characterized with respect to both regulated and unregulated emissions
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- Furusjö, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Co-gasification of pyrolysis oil and black liquor - a new track for production of chemicals and transportation fuels from biomass
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pressurized oxygen-blown entrained flow black liquor (BL) gasification, the Chemrec technology, has been demonstrated in a 3 MWth pilot plant in Piteå, Sweden for more than 25,000 h. The plant is owned and operated by Luleå University of Technology since 2013. It is well known that catalytic activity of alkali metals is important for the high reactivity of black liquor, which leads to a highly efficient BL gasification process. The globally available volume of BL is however limited and strongly connected to pulp production. By co-gasifying pyrolysis oil (PO) with BL it is possible to utilize the catalytic activity also for PO conversion to syngas. Adding PO leads to larger feedstock flexibility with the possibility of building larger biofuels plants based on BL gasification technology. This presentation summarizes new results from research activities aimed at developing and assessing the PO/BL co-gasification process. Results from laboratory experiments with PO/BL mixtures show that pyrolysis behavior and char gasification reactivity are similar to pure BL. This means that the decrease in the alkali metal concentration due to the addition of PO in the mixture does not decrease the reactivity. Pure PO is much less reactive. Mixing tests show that the fraction of PO that can be mixed into BL is limited by lignin precipitation as a consequence of PO acidity. Pilot scale PO/BL co-gasification experiments have been executed following design and construction of a new feeding system to allow co-feeding of PO with BL. The results confirm the conclusions from the lab scale study and prove that the co-gasification concept is practically applicable. Process performance of the pilot scale co-gasification process is similar to gasification of BL only with high carbon conversion and clean syngas generation. This indicates that the established BL gasification technology can be used for co-gasification of PO and BL without major modifications.
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- Furusjö, Erik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Mixing of Fast Pyrolysis Oil and Black Liquor : Preparing an Improved Gasification Feedstock
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society. - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 30:12, s. 10575-10582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-gasification of fast pyrolysis oil and black liquor can be used to increase the size and improve profitability of pulp mill integrated biorefineries. The acids present in pyrolysis oil limit the amount that can be mixed into black liquor without causing precipitation of the black liquor dissolved lignin. This work shows that a simple model based on pyrolysis oil total acid number, including weak phenolic acids, can be used to predict the maximum pyrolysis oil fraction in blends. The maximum oil fraction is 20-25% for typical pyrolysis oil but can be increased up to at least 50% mass, corresponding to 70% energy, by addition of base. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations are used to understand the effects of blend composition, including any added base, on the performance of a commercial scale gasification process. A substantial increase in overall gasification efficiency is observed with increasing pyrolysis oil fraction.
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