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| 2. |
- Börjesson, Martin, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Bioenergy futures in Sweden - Modeling integration scenarios for biofuel production
- 2016
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 109, s. 1026-1039
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of bioenergy can contribute to greenhouse gas emission reductions and increased energy security. However, even though biomass is a renewable resource, the potential is limited, and efficient use of available biomass resources will become increasingly important. This paper aims to explore system interactions related to future bioenergy utilization and cost-efficient bioenergy technology choices under stringent CO2 constraints. In particular, the study investigates system effects linked to integration of advanced biofuel production with district heating and industry under different developments in the electricity sector and biomass supply system. The study is based on analysis with the MARKAL_Sweden model, which is a bottom-up, cost-optimization model covering the Swedish energy system. A time horizon to 2050 is applied. The results suggest that system integration of biofuel production has noteworthy effects on the overall system level, improves system cost-efficiency and influences parameters such as biomass price, marginal CO2 emission reduction costs and cost-efficient biofuel choices in the transport sector. In the long run and under stringent CO2 constraints, system integration of biofuel production has, however, low impact on total bioenergy use, which is largely decided by supply-related constraints, and on total transport biofuel use, which to large extent is driven by demand.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fallde, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Bakom drivmedelstanken - Perspektiv på svenska biodrivmedelssatsningar
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här rapporten är ett resultat av ett tvärvetenskapligt projekt inom forskarskolan Program Energisystem. Syftet har varit att studera svenska satsningar på biodrivmedel ur olika perspektiv samt att undersöka motiv som har legat bakom satsningarna. De perspektiv som undersökts är ett nationellt, ett lokalt och ett teknikperspektiv. I det nationella perspektivet har statliga dokument från perioden 1990 till 2006 studerats, med syftet att få en bild av hur den svenska satsningen på biodrivmedel motiverats. I studien undersöktes vilka argument som förs fram för och emot att använda biomassa till driv¬medelsframställning. Av speciellt intresse har varit argument med anknytning till resurs- och kostnadseffektivitet. Viktiga argument som framfördes för drivmedelssatsningen var jordbrukspolitiska överväganden, försörjningstrygghet och klimatnytta. Flera gånger nämns att frågan om hur biomasseresurserna används på ett så resurseffektivt sätt som möjligt borde utredas, men någon sådan utredning blev aldrig av.Det lokala perspektivet har studerats genom att undersöka Linköpings övergång till biogasdrift i tätortsbussarna. Centrala frågor är framför allt vilka aktörer som varit drivande i biogassatsningen samt vilka intressen som inverkat. I kapitlet visas hur olika aktörer företrädande kommunen, det kommunala energibolaget samt de kommunala och regionala transportbolagen varit drivande i satsningen. Aktörerna har tolkat biogassatsningen på olika sätt; som energi-, transport- och miljörelaterad fråga och har därför haft olika intressen i skeendet. Biogas har fungerat som ett gränsobjekt, det vill säga en lösning som passar alla parter, genom att sammanfoga de olika aktörernas intressen och möjliggöra ett möte mellan transport, energi och miljö på lokal nivå.För teknikperspektivet har fokus legat på undersökningar av teknikerna för framställning av framtidens biodrivmedel, med utgångspunkt i de tre utvecklingsanläggningar för dessa som finns i Sverige idag. I rapporten beskrivs den historiska bakgrunden till de tre utvecklingsanläggningarna; cellulosaetanolsanläggningen i Örnsköldsvik, förgasningsanläggningen för fast biomassa i Värnamo och svartlutsförgasningsanläggningen i Piteå. Utvecklingsanläggningarna pratas ofta om i klump som om det vore ett projekt, men av de historiska överblickarna för anläggningarna framgår att de i högsta grad är tre separata företeelser. De tre teknikerna och dess status beskrivs och en utblick för framtiden ges för respektive teknik. Vikten av integration av drivmedelsproduktionen diskuteras. Vidare problematiseras möjligheterna med att jämföra olika biodrivmedel för att exempelvis kunna värdera deras klimat- eller försörjningstrygghetsnytta, jämföra energi-, resurs- och kostnadseffektivitet etcetera. Ett antal rapporter om teknikerna för framställning och användning av alternativa drivmedel har studerats, främst studier som behandlar de tre utvecklingsanläggningsteknikerna. En diskussion förs kring vilka typer av nyckeltal som används för att jämföra biodrivmedel i dessa studier. Vidare visas på grundläggande skillnader i systemavgränsningar, antaganden om omgivande system etcetera och hur dessa skillnader påverkar resultatet. Exempelvis har vilken status som antas för tekniken, hur över- eller underskott av el värderas, liksom hur biprodukter och överskottsvärme hanteras stor betydelse. Olika studier tenderar att hantera dessa saker på olika sätt, vilket gör det mycket svårt att göra relevanta jämförelser. I den avslutande diskussionen resoneras kring de olika perspektiven på svenska biodrivmedelssatsningar med hjälp av tre teman; klimatpåverkan, oljeberoende och försörjningstrygghet samt nyckeltal för att jämföra biodrivmedel. Såväl likheter som skillnader mellan perspektiven har påvisats, och det har funnits svårt att urskilja en röd tråd i den svenska biodrivmedelssatsningen. Likaså kan motiven till biodrivmedelssatsningarna ifrågasättas; vilka argument som påverkat satsningarna skiljer sig åt i respektive perspektiv, och tenderar även att förändras med tiden.
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| 5. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Pulp mill biorefineries
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Process Integration Jubilee Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, March 18-20 2013.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Jafri, Yawer, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Double Yields and Negative Emissions? : Resource, Climate and Cost Efficiencies in Biofuels With Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-598X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As fossil-reliant industries turn to sustainable biomass for energy and material supply, the competition for biogenic carbon is expected to intensify. Using process level carbon and energy balance models, this paper shows how the capture of residual CO2 in conjunction with either permanent storage (CCS) or biofuel production (CCU) benefits fourteen largely residue-based biofuel production pathways. With a few noteworthy exceptions, most pathways have low carbon utilization efficiencies (30–40%) without CCS/U. CCS can double these numbers and deliver negative emission biofuels with GHG footprints below −50 g CO2 eq./MJ for several pathways. Compared to CCS with no revenue from CO2 sequestration, CCU can offer the same efficiency gains at roughly two-third the biofuel production cost (e.g., 99 EUR/MWh vs. 162 EUR/MWh) but the GHG reduction relative to fossil fuels is significantly smaller (18 g CO2 eq./MJ vs. −99 g CO2 eq./MJ). From a combined carbon, cost and climate perspective, although commercial pathways deliver the cheapest biofuels, it is the emerging pathways that provide large-scale carbon-efficient GHG reductions. There is thus some tension between alternatives that are societally best and those that are economically most interesting for investors. Biofuel pathways vent CO2 in both concentrated and dilute streams Capturing both provides the best environomic outcomes. Existing pathways that can deliver low-cost GHG reductions but generate relatively small quantities of CO2 are unlikely to be able to finance the transport infrastructure required for transformative bio-CCS deployment. CCS and CCU are accordingly important tools for simultaneously reducing biogenic carbon wastage and GHG emissions, but to unlock their full benefits in a cost-effective manner, emerging biofuel technology based on the gasification and hydrotreatment of forest residues need to be commercially deployed imminently. Copyright © 2022 Jafri, Ahlström, Furusjö, Harvey, Pettersson, Svensson and Wetterlund.
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| 7. |
- Naver, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Prophylaxis and treatment of HIV-1 infection in pregnancy: Swedish Recommendations 2010
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-1980 .- 0036-5548. ; 43:6-7, s. 411-423
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prophylaxis and treatment with antiretroviral drugs and the use of elective caesarean section have resulted in a very low mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during recent years. The availability of new antiretroviral drugs, updated general treatment guidelines and increasing knowledge of the importance of drug resistance, have necessitated regular revisions of the "Prophylaxis and treatment of HIV-1 infection in pregnancy" recommendations. For these reasons, The Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) updated the 2007 recommendations at an expert meeting that took place on 25 March 2010. The most important revisions from the previous recommendations are: (1) it is recommended that treatment during pregnancy starts at the latest at gestational week 14-18; (2) ongoing efficient treatment at confirmed pregnancy may, with a few exceptions, be continued; (3) lopinavir/r and atazanavir/r are equally recommended protease inhibitors; (4) if maternal HIV RNA is >50 copies/ml close to delivery, a planned caesarean section, intravenous zidovudine, oral nevirapine for the mother and post-exposure prophylaxis for the infant with 3 antiretroviral drugs are recommended; (5) for delivery at <34 gestational weeks, intravenous zidovudine and oral nevirapine for the mother and at 48-72 h for the infant is recommended, in addition to other prophylaxis; (6) intravenous zidovudine is not recommended when HIV RNA is <50 copies/ml and a caesarean section is performed; (7) it is recommended that prophylaxis for the infant is started within 4 h; (8) prophylactic zidovudine for the infant may be administered twice daily instead of 4 times a day, as was the case previously; and (9) the number of sampling occasions for the infant has been decreased.
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| 8. |
- Pettersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Holistic methodological framework for assessing the benefits of delivering industrial excess heat to a district heating network
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : John Wiley and Sons Ltd. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 44:4, s. 2634-2651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, over 50% of building heating requirements are covered by district heating. Approximately 8% of the heat supply to district heating systems comes from excess heat from industrial processes. Many studies indicate that there is a potential to substantially increase this share, and policies promoting energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions reduction provide incentives to do this. Quantifying the medium and long-term economic and carbon footprint benefits of such investments is difficult because the background energy system against which new investments should be assessed is also expected to undergo significant change as a result of the aforementioned policies. Furthermore, in many cases, the district heating system has already invested or is planning to invest in non-fossil heat sources such as biomass-fueled boilers or CHP units. This paper proposes a holistic methodological framework based on energy market scenarios for assessing the long-term carbon footprint and economic benefits of recovering excess heat from industrial processes for use in district heating systems. In many studies of industrial excess heat, it is assumed that all emissions from the process plant are allocated to the main products, and none to the excess heat. The proposed methodology makes a distinction between unavoidable excess heat and excess heat that could be avoided by increased heat recovery at the plant site, in which case it is assumed that a fraction of the plant emissions should be allocated to the exported heat. The methodology is illustrated through a case study of a chemical complex located approximately 50 km from the city of Gothenburg on the West coast of Sweden, from which substantial amounts of excess heat could be recovered and delivered to heat to the city's district heating network which aims to be completely fossil-free by 2030.
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| 9. |
- Sahlin, Ellika, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of putative pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in genes associated with heart disease in 290 cases of stillbirth
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of stillbirth in Sweden has essentially remained constant since the 1980s, and despite thorough investigation, many cases remain unexplained. It has been suggested that a proportion of stillbirth cases is caused by heart disease, mainly channelopathies. The aim of this study was to analyze DNA from 290 stillbirth cases without chromosomal abnormalities for pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 70 genes associated with cardiac channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. The HaloPlex Target Enrichment System (Agilent Technologies) was utilized to prepare sequencing libraries which were sequenced on the Illumina NextSeq platform. We found that 12.1% of the 290 investigated stillbirth cases had one (n = 31) or two (n = 4) variants with evidence supporting pathogenicity, i.e. loss-of-function variants (nonsense, frameshift, splice site substitutions), evidence from functional studies, or previous identification of the variants in affected individuals. Regarding identified putative pathogenic variants in genes associated with channelopathies, the prevalence was significantly higher in the stillbirth cohort (n = 23, 7.93%) than the corresponding prevalence of the same variants in the non-Finnish European population of the Exome Aggregation Consortium (2.70%, pamp;lt;0.001) and SweGen, (2.30%, pamp;lt;0.001). Our results give further support to the hypothesis that cardiac channelopathies might contribute to stillbirth. Screening for pathogenic SNVs in genes associated with heart disease might be a valuable complement for stillbirth cases where todays conventional investigation does not reveal the underlying cause of fetal demise.
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| 10. |
- Wedenoja, Satu, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal HLA-G mediated immune tolerance and interferon response in preeclampsia
- 2020
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Ingår i: EBioMedicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-3964. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fetal immune tolerance is crucial for pregnancy success. We studied the link between preeclampsia, a severe pregnancy disorder with uncertain pathogenesis, and fetal human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and other genes regulating maternal immune responses.Methods: We assessed sex ratios and regulatory HLA-G haplotypes in population cohorts and series of preeclampsia and stillbirth. We studied placental mRNA expression of 136 genes by sequencing and HLA-G and interferon alpha (IFNα) protein expression by immunohistochemistry.Findings: We found underrepresentation of males in preeclamptic births, especially those delivered preterm or small for gestational age. Balancing selection at HLA-G associated with the sex ratio, stillbirth, and preeclampsia. We observed downregulation of HLA-G, its receptors, and many other tolerogenic genes, and marked upregulation of IFNA1 in preeclamptic placentas.Interpretation: These findings indicate that an evolutionary trade-off between immune tolerance and protection against infections at the maternal-fetal interface promotes genetic diversity in fetal HLA-G, thereby affecting survival, preeclampsia, and sex ratio. We highlight IFNA1 as a potential mediator of preeclampsia and a target for therapeutic trials.
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