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| 2. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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ICF from an occupational therapy perspective in adult care : an integrative literature review
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, United Kingdom : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 19:3, s. 260-273
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its launch there has been increasing interest in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) within occupational therapy (OT). The aim of this study was to perform an integrative literature review, in order to present an overview of knowledge, where the ICF constitutes a significant part in relation to OT. A systematic literature search, covering the period 2001–2008, was performed in the databases MEDLINE, AMED, and CINAHL. A total of 112 articles were included and the majority had exploratory and descriptive designs. The results showed that ICF was valuable for research, clinical practice, and education. ICF was used to link existing instruments and to construct new outcome measures. Occupational therapists have been members of expert groups involved in the development of Core Sets for certain health conditions. Several positive aspects were described, e.g. an effective medium for communication at different levels. Many limitations were mentioned, such as unclear concepts and lack of subjective experiences. Suggestions for improvements were described. The conclusion was that the ICF has been used for a broad spectrum of purposes. The results indicated that further research is needed concerning application of the ICF in clinical practice and education.
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- Bartels-Rausch, Thorsten, et al.
(författare)
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Ice structures, patterns, and processes: A view across the icefields
- 2012
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Ingår i: Reviews of Modern Physics. ; 84:2, s. 885-944
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the frontiers of research on ice dynamics in its broadest sense, this review surveys the structures of ice, the patterns or morphologies it may assume, and the physical and chemical processes in which it is involved. Open questions in the various fields of ice research in nature are highlighted, ranging from terrestrial and oceanic ice on Earth, to ice in the atmosphere, to ice on other Solar System bodies and in interstellar space.
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| 4. |
- Eriksen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Contagiousness in treated HIV-1 infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Infectious Diseases. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-4235 .- 2374-4243. ; 53:1, s. 1-8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Effective antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1, defined as continuously undetectable virus in blood, has substantial effects on the infectiousness and spread of HIV. Aim This paper outlines the assessment of the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) and Public Health Agency of Sweden regarding contagiousness of HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Results and Conclusion:The expert group concludes that there is no risk of transmission of HIV during vaginal or anal intercourse if the HIV-infected person fulfils the criteria for effective ART. Summary:The effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 infection has dramatically reduced the morbidity and mortality among people who live with HIV. ART also has a noticeable effect on the infectiousness and on the spread of the disease in society. Knowledge about this has grown gradually. For ART to be regarded effective, the level of the HIV RNA in the plasma should be repeatedly and continuously undetectable and the patient should be assessed as continually having high adherence to treatment. Based on available knowledge the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) and the Public Health Agency of Sweden make the following assessment: There is no risk of HIV transmission during vaginal or anal intercourse if the HIV positive person fulfils the criteria for effective treatment. This includes intercourse where a condom is not used. However, there are a number of other reasons for recommending the use of condoms, primarily to protect against the transmission of other STIs (sexually transmitted infections) and hepatitis, as well as unwanted pregnancy. The occurrence of other STIs does not affect the risk of HIV transmission in persons on effective ART. It is plausible that the risk for transmission of HIV infection between people who inject drugs and share injection equipment is reduced if the individual with HIV is on effective ART, but there are no studies that directly show this. The risk of transmission from mother to child during pregnancy, labour and delivery is very low if the mother's treatment is initiated well before delivery and if the treatment aim of undetectable virus levels is attained. This is dependent on healthcare services being aware of the mother's HIV infection at an early stage. In most contacts with health and medical care, including dental care, the risk of transmission is not significant if the patient is on effective treatment, but the risk may remain, although considerably reduced, in more advanced interventions such as surgery. When an incident with risk of transmission occurs, the patient must always inform those potentially exposed about his or her HIV infection.
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| 5. |
- Pettersson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The ABC model of prostate cancer : A conceptual framework for the design and interpretation of prognostic studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer. - Hoboken, USA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0008-543X .- 1097-0142. ; 123:9, s. 1490-1496
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been limited success in identifying prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. A partial explanation may be that insufficient emphasis has been put on clearly defining what type of marker or patient category a biomarker study aims to identify and how different cohort characteristics affect the ability to identify such a marker. In this article, the authors put forth the ABC model of prostate cancer, which defines 3 groups of patients with localized disease that an investigator may seek to identify: patients who, within a given time frame, will not develop metastases even if untreated (category A), will not develop metastases because of radical treatment (category B), or will develop metastases despite radical treatment (category C). The authors demonstrate that follow-up time and prostate-specific antigen screening intensity influence the prevalence of patients in categories A, B, and C in a study cohort, and that prognostic markers must be tested in both treated and untreated cohorts to accurately distinguish the 3 groups. The authors suggest that more emphasis should be put on considering these factors when planning, conducting, and interpreting the results from prostate cancer biomarker studies, and propose the ABC model as a framework to aid in that process.
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