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- Andersson, Magdalena, et al.
(author)
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Effects of wetland liming on vegetation in south-west Sweden
- 2005
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In: Hunova I (Ed) Acid Rain 2005, 7th International Conference on Acid Deposition, Conference Abstracts.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Seven wetland areas treated with coarse grain (Ø = 0-3 mm) lime in 1998 and seven reference areas with the same vegetation type were invented for vascular plants and mosses in the summer of 2003. The inventory was made using twenty 0.5 * 0.5 m2 plots, evenly distributed along a transect. The vascular plants and mosses showed a high degree of similarity between treated and reference areas (Sørensen´s index = 0.83 and 0.75 for vascular plants and mosses, respectively). The difference in vegetation composition (weakly significant) between treated and reference according to χ2 test, was most probably not caused by liming. No signs of lime related injuries were observed on the vascular plants. However, Sphagnum mosses showed substantial (14% of all plots) visible injury in all lime treated areas, but no such injuries in any of the reference areas. This kind of injury on Sphagnum mosses was severe and the mosses were largely dead and in a state of decomposition. It is concluded from the present study that Sphagnum mosses are significantly and negatively affected by the kind of lime used. Vascular plants were unaffected, but five years may be an in sufficient duration of time for effects to become established. However, it seems most likely that mosses are much more sensitive to wetland liming than vascular plants.
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- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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A framework for assessing urban greenery's effects and valuing its ecosystem services
- 2018
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Academic Press. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 205, s. 274-285
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ongoing urban exploitation is increasing pressure to transform urban green spaces, while there is increasing awareness that greenery provides a range of important benefits to city residents. In efforts to help resolve associated problems we have developed a framework for integrated assessments of ecosystem service (ES) benefits and values provided by urban greenery, based on the ecosystem service cascade model. The aim is to provide a method for assessing the contribution to, and valuing, multiple ES provided by urban greenery that can be readily applied in routine planning processes. The framework is unique as it recognizes that an urban greenery comprises several components and functions that can contribute to multiple ecosystem services in one or more ways via different functional traits (e.g. foliage characteristics) for which readily measured indicators have been identified. The framework consists of five steps including compilation of an inventory of indicator; application of effectivity factors to rate indicators' effectiveness; estimation of effects; estimation of benefits for each ES; estimation of the total ES value of the ecosystem. The framework was applied to assess ecosystem services provided by trees, shrubs, herbs, birds, and bees, in green areas spanning an urban gradient in Gothenburg, Sweden. Estimates of perceived values of ecosystem services were obtained from interviews with the public and workshop activities with civil servants. The framework is systematic and transparent at all stages and appears to have potential utility in the existing spatial planning processes.
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- Braun, Sabine, et al.
(author)
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Epidemiological analysis of ozone and nitrogen impacts on vegetation - Critical evaluation and recommendations
- 2017
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In: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 603-604, s. 785-792
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier B.V.For human health studies, epidemiology has been established as important tool to examine factors that affect the frequency and distribution of disease, injury, and other health-related events in a defined population, serving the purpose of establishing prevention and control programs. On the other hand, gradient studies have a long tradition in the research of air pollution effects on plants. While there is no principal difference between gradient and epidemiological studies, the former address more one-dimensional transects while the latter focus more on populations and include more experience in making quantitative predictions, in dealing with confounding factors and in taking into account the complex interplay of different factors acting at different levels. Epidemiological analyses may disentangle and quantify the contributions of different predictor variables to an overall effect, e.g. plant growth, and may generate hypotheses deserving further study in experiments. Therefore, their use in ecosystem research is encouraged. This article provides a number of recommendations on: (1) spatial and temporal aspects in preparing predictor maps of nitrogen deposition, ozone exposure and meteorological covariates; (2) extent of a dataset required for an analysis; (3) choice of the appropriate regression model and conditions to be satisfied by the data; (4) selection of the relevant explanatory variables; (5) treatment of interactions and confounding factors; and (6) assessment of model validity.
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- Broberg, Malin, 1989, et al.
(author)
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CO2-induced changes in wheat grain composition: Meta-analysis and response functions
- 2017
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In: Agronomy. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4395. ; 7:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO2) stimulates wheat grain yield, but simultaneously reduces protein/nitrogen (N) concentration. Also, other essential nutrients are subject to change. This study is a synthesis of wheat experiments with eCO2, estimating the effects on N, minerals (B, Ca, Cd, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Zn), and starch. The analysis was performed by (i) deriving response functions to assess the gradual change in element concentration with increasing CO2 concentration, (ii) meta-analysis to test the average magnitude and significance of observed effects, and (iii) relating CO2 effects on minerals to effects on N and grain yield. Responses ranged from zero to strong negative effects of eCO2 on mineral concentration, with the largest reductions for the nutritionally important elements of N, Fe, S, Zn, and Mg. Together with the positive but small and non-significant effect on starch concentration, the large variation in effects suggests that CO2-induced responses cannot be explained only by a simple dilution model. To explain the observed pattern, uptake and transport mechanisms may have to be considered, along with the link of different elements to N uptake. Our study shows that eCO2 has a significant effect on wheat grain stoichiometry, with implications for human nutrition in a world of rising CO2.
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- Broberg, Malin, 1989, et al.
(author)
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Effects of elevated CO2 on wheat yield: Non-linear response and relation to site productivity
- 2019
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In: Agronomy. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4395. ; 9:5
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2019 by the authors. Elevated carbon dioxide (eCO 2 ) is well known to stimulate plant photosynthesis and growth. Elevated carbon dioxide’s effects on crop yields are of particular interest due to concerns for future food security. We compiled experimental data where field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum Linnaeus) was exposed to different CO 2 concentrations. Yield and yield components were analyzed by meta-analysis to estimate average effects, and response functions derived to assess effect size in relation to CO 2 concentration. Grain yield increased by 26% under eCO 2 (average ambient concentration of 372 ppm and elevated 605 ppm), mainly due to the increase in grain number. The response function for grain yield with CO 2 concentration strongly suggests a non-linear response, where yield stimulation levels off at ~600 ppm. This was supported by the meta-analysis, which did not indicate any significant difference in yield stimulation in wheat grown at 456–600 ppm compared to 601–750 ppm. Yield response to eCO 2 was independent of fumigation technique and rooting environment, but clearly related to site productivity, where relative CO 2 yield stimulation was stronger in low productive systems. The non-linear yield response, saturating at a relatively modest elevation of CO 2 , was of large importance for crop modelling and assessments of future food production under rising CO 2
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