| 1. |
- Schoch, Conrad L., et al.
(författare)
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Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-0463. ; 2014:bau061, s. 1-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Re-annotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.
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| 2. |
- Powell, Adam, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Stress response according to transport protocol in Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus
- 2017
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Ingår i: Crustacean Research. - : Carcinological Society of Japan. - 0287-3478 .- 2189-5317. ; 46, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, is a valuable and commonly exported European decapod crustacean, which experiences stress from point of capture and onward transport. Stressors such as air exposure duration (i.e. emersion period) and air temperature have been studied previously. We investigated whether mortality could be reduced by decreasing road vibrations during transport, and how physiological stress measurements were influenced in a transport simulation experiment, reflecting a typical short road journey along a supply chain. Baseline haemolymph samples were taken from lobsters sampled immediately after commercial capture using static traps (lobster pots). Individuals were emersed for one hour, either immobile or with continuous shaking; the latter to simulate conditions occurring during transport. Both treatments significantly increased Total Haemocyte Counts (THC) and serum glucose, lactate and ammonium concentrations compared to baseline animals. Individuals subjected to continuous shaking showed higher glucose and ammonium concentrations compared to individuals maintained immobile. We conclude that shaking appears to influence the physiological responses of N. norvegicus in addition to the effects of emersion alone, and the reduction of road vibrations (e.g. via simple cushioning) can reduce post-transport mortality.
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| 3. |
- Hinchcliffe, James, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster Homarus gammarus post-larva reared on novel feeds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1355-557X .- 1365-2109. ; 51:1, s. 102-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One approach to ongrow juvenile European lobster, Homarus gammarus, is to utilize land based rearing systems, incorporating automated feeding, individual culture and provision of stable pelleted feeds, preferably using sustainable ingredients. We initiated three feeding experiments to investigate the general suitability of ingredients produced from seafood by-products as novel feeds for H. gammarus, in terms of promoting survival, development and growth of post-larval lobsters from post-larvae (PL) stage IV to the first juvenile stage (stage V). The first experiment was designed to screen an array of candidate, locally produced, novel protein sources on growth performance parameters. This initial experiment revealed that PL reared on a raw (i.e. wet, unprocessed shrimp) feed used as a reference showed superior performance to those reared on experimental feeds containing fishmeal, herring protein isolate or mussel meal; however, a novel type of shrimp meal, produced by flocculation from waste water, promoted the best PL performance of any experimental feed. A second experiment was designed to test the effect of drying method and to optimize the form of a wet shrimp reference feed used by lobster hatcheries. This showed that the performance of PL reared on experimental freeze-dried shrimp feed was not significantly different to those reared on the wet, unprocessed shrimp used as a reference feed. However, lobsters offered experimental oven-dried shrimp feed (with or without an immune supplement) resulted in significantly lower survival or growth performance. A third and final experiment was designed in an attempt to improve a candidate herring-based protein source, by supplementing with nutrients found in shrimp. However, the results showed that PL reared on the wet reference shrimp feed still showed superior growth and survival than those reared on a herring feed alone, or supplemented with additives found in shrimp meal (either glucosamine, astaxanthin or both supplements combined). The high survival and growth, low incidence of moulting problems and high availability of waste shrimp material, suggest that non-heat-treated shrimp products are a promising feed ingredient for post-larval European lobsters.
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| 4. |
- Powell, Adam, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative survival and growth performance of European lobster larvae, Homarus gammarus, reared on dry feed and conspecifics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Aquaculture Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1355-557X .- 1365-2109. ; 48:10, s. 5300-5310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A bottleneck of crustacean larval culture concerns nutrition and associated cannibalism in communal rearing systems, which impact on larval survival, development and growth. For early stage European lobster, Homarus gammarus larvae, feeding ecology and body composition is largely unknown. We initiated four progressive feeding experiments (novel feed types, feeding regime and feed size) on growth and survival, to inform and update husbandry protocols. Performance of larvae offered a dry commercial feed was not significantly different compared to a conventional wet plankton feed of the same ration and size grade (both within 600-1000 µm). Further experiments found that the same ration of dry feed offered 6 times daily improved development and growth, over the conventional regime of 3 times daily. Small grade dry feed (particles 250-360 µm) improved larval performance compared to a larger feed (360-650 µm). Larvae were also fed different proportions of dry feed and/or conspecifics in both communal and individual rearing systems (the latter preventing cannibalism via segregation). Individually reared larvae, fed only dead conspecifics, displayed the greatest survival (80%) to post larvae. This underlines the impact of cannibalism on survival and nutrition in H. gammarus larviculture. A final experiment analysed H. gammarus zoea 1 composition, identifying deficiencies in ash and carbohydrate in lobster feeds. This suggests a need for a species specific, formulated dry feed for H. gamarus larviculture. Our research represents the first investigation of H. gammarus larval composition and dietary requirements, and highlights decreased growth potential associated with providing nutrition solely from generic commercial feed.
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