| 1. |
- Heward-Mills, Nii Lante, et al.
(författare)
-
The role of faith leaders in influencing health behaviour : a qualitative exploration on the views of Black African Christians in Leeds, United Kingdom
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Pan African Medical Journal. - : The Pan African Medical Journal. - 1937-8688. ; 30
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Black African communities in the U.K suffer from health disparities compared to the general population. This has been attributed to the lack of culturally sensitive interventions that are meaningful to them. Faith leaders are an integral part of the community and are known to have immense influence on health behaviour of congregants and community members. However, their role in health behaviour change (alcohol and tobacco use) has been largely neglected. The aim of this study is to explore the views of Black African Christians on the role of their faith leaders in their health behaviour, with particular focus on the extent of influence and mechanisms that foster this. Methods: Eight (8) semi-structured interviews were conducted with Black African Christians between the ages of 25-44, from two churches in Leeds, UK. Data were analysed using the principles of thematic analysis. Results: Findings revealed that faith leaders could play a very important role in the health behaviour of their congregants. Faith leaders are able to influence health behaviour not only on the individual level but also on a socio-cultural and environmental level. They exert such influence through several mediators including through scriptural influence, social influence and by serving as a role models. However, no single mediator has been found to be exclusively associated to health behaviour change. Conclusion: Congregants view faith leaders as having an immense influence on their health behaviour. As a community resource, faith leaders could be better positioned to organize and foster community participation in health matters. Health promoters should thus consider collaborations with faith leaders to enhance the health of their community.
|
|
| 2. |
- Kastbom, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Differences in sexual behavior, health, and history of child abuse among school students who had and had not engaged in sexual activity by the age of 18 years : a cross-sectional study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1179-318X. ; 7, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Empirical research about late sexual debut and its consequences is limited, and further research is needed. Objective: To explore how students who had not had intercourse by the age of 18 years differed in terms of sociodemographic factors, physical and psychological health, sexual behavior, and history of sexual abuse from those who had. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional survey involving 3,380 Swedish 18-year-olds. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate different types of sexual behavior. Ordinal data concerning alcohol consumption, self-esteem, sexual and physical abuse, parental relationships, sense of coherence, and health were analyzed, and multiple regression was carried out to identify the most important factors associated with no sexual debut. Results: Just under a quarter of the adolescents had not had oral, anal, or vaginal sex by the age of 18 years, and they comprised the index group. They were characterized by being more likely to have caring fathers, parents born outside Europe, lower pornography consumption, lower alcohol and tobacco consumption, less antisocial behavior, and above all lower sexual desire (sometimes, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.8; never/seldom, aOR 13.3) and fewer experiences of sexual abuse (aOR 25.5). Family structure and culture matters when it comes to the age of sexual debut. Conclusion: Adolescents with no sexual debut at 18 years of age seemed to live a more stable and cautious life than more sexual experienced peers, exemplified by fewer antisocial acts, less smoking and alcohol/drug consumption, less sexual desire, and less experience of sexual abuse.
|
|
| 3. |
- Kastbom, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual debut before the age of 14 leads to poorer psychosocial health and risky behaviour in later life
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 104:1, s. 91-100
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study investigated the relationship between sexual debut before 14 years of age and socio-demographics, sexual experience, health, experience of child abuse and behaviour at 18 years of age. Methods: A sample of 3432 Swedish high school seniors completed a survey about sexuality, health and abuse at the age of 18. Results: Early debut was positively correlated with risky behaviours, such as the number of partners, experience of oral and anal sex, health behaviours, such as smoking, drug and alcohol use, and antisocial behaviour, such as being violent, lying, stealing and running away from home. Girls with an early sexual debut had significantly more experience of sexual abuse. Boys with an early sexual debut were more likely to have a weak sense of coherence, low self-esteem and poor mental health, together with experience of sexual abuse, selling sex and physical abuse. A multiple logistic regression model showed that a number of antisocial acts and health behaviours remained significant, but early sexual debut did not increase the risk of psychiatric symptoms, low self-esteem or low sense of coherence at 18 years of age. Conclusion: Early sexual debut was associated with problematic behaviours during later adolescence, and this vulnerability requires attention from parents and healthcare providers.
|
|
| 4. |
- Priebe, Gunilla, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Micro Level Impact of the Right to Health - a qualitative Study of Patients Perceptions
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Diversity and Equality in Health and Care. - 2049-5471. ; 13:5, s. 319-325
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Health is unequally distributed across the Swedish population, even though it has ratified Human rights declarations pointing out The Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health for all. The meaning of these declarations is condensed in The Right to Health-concept and specified in the so called AAAQ-framework, which highlights equal Accessibility, Acceptability, Availability and scientific Quality of care as indicators for analyzing a state’s fulfillment of such declarations. Methods and findings: The aim of this qualitative interview study was to examine whether patient perspectives on health care encounters would shed new light on the focal points specified in the AAAQ-framework, i.e., complement macro analyses on a state’s fulfilment of human rights declarations. Interviews were carried out with 55 patients in a socioeconomically challenged suburb, and analyzed in accordance with established standards for thematic content analysis. Two main themes with six subthemes were identified in this descriptive phase. The patient narratives centered on health care prerequisites for good care, but patients’ own responsibility was also brought up. Most noticeable was the importance given to staff’s ability to respectfully acknowledge the meaning of individual patient characteristics, and the negative effects on patients’ wellbeing of its opposite (authoritarian and impersonal staff attitudes). The results from the descriptive phase were then deductively interpreted in relation to the AAAQ-framework. The interpretative analyses revealed that human rights inspired policies are not enough for the realization of The Right to Health as patients’ experiences of different hospitals varied significantly, despite identical policies. In addition, it underlined the importance of all four AAAQ-indicators, i.e. that scientifically appropriate care (Availability and Quality) is vital, yet that the meaning of The Right to Health-concept is not realized unless a health care experience includes emphatic encounters adapted to the individual patient’s capacities and disease experience (Accessibility and Acceptability). Conclusion: The analysis of patient perspectives on health care experiences highlighted the significance of respectful and personalized treatment. In addition to providing functioning health care facilities, a vital part of health care quality work is securing empowering care encounters. Even though human rights inspired state regulations and health care policies are imperative, specific strategies to secure their implementation on the health care micro level is needed, e.g. staff training in communication skills as well as follow up mechanisms measuring patient satisfaction and levels of participation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Manigoue Tchape, Odette Dorcas, et al.
(författare)
-
Physiological and psychosocial stressors among hemodialysis patients in the Buea Regional Hospital, Cameroon
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PanAfrican Medical Journal. - : Pan African Medical Journal. - 1937-8688. ; 30:May-August
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is an irreversible kidney condition and hemodialysis is the most frequent treatment option used for this condition. However, hemodialysis also has a detrimental impact on the quality of life and the individuals' physical and psychosocial wellbeing. The main objective of this study was to identify physiological and psychosocial stressors faced by patients undergoing hemodialysis in the Buea Regional Hospital in Cameroon. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out (December 2016 - January 2017) among patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Buea regional hospital. Data were collected with the use of a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Quantitative variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages and means. Results: among the patients undergoing hemodialysis, 28 (70.0%) were below 5-year dialysis while 12 (30.0%) had been on dialysis for five years and more. 21(52.5%) were male and 19(47.5%) female. Half of the patients were married 20(50%), 13(32.5%) were single, 6(15%) were divorced, and one (2.5%) was a widower. Also, 28 (70.0%) were below 5-year dialysis while 12 (30.0%) had been on dialysis for five years and more. All participants experienced at least one or more physiological and psychosocial stressors. Among physiological stressors, the most frequent were feeling tired (97%), followed by arterial and venous stick (88%) while itching (49.5%) was the least noted physiological stressor. Among psycho-social stressors, the most recurrent were transportation to and from the hospital (99.5%), cost of treatment (99.5%) and Limits on time and place of vacation (99%), followed by Limitation in physical activities, frequent hospitalizations, the length of time on dialysis, uncertainty about the future, changes in life style, increased dependence and sleep disturbances. Conclusion: the topic of stressors is of importance among patients receiving dialysis, as these affect their psycho-social and physiological wellbeing. Thus, nephrologists, nurses and family members play an important role in providing patients with effective psycho-social and physiological support.
|
|
| 6. |
- Nkrumah, Isaac, et al.
(författare)
-
Barriers for nurses’ participation in and utilisation of clinical research in three hospitals within the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana
- 2018
-
Ingår i: PanAfrican Medical Journal. - : Pan African Medical Journal. - 1937-8688. ; 30:24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: scientific research results are a necessary base for high quality nursing practice. The level of implementation of research in the clinical setting, including nurses' participation in and knowledge of research results, have gained considerable attention internationally. However, the remarkable international increase of such studies does not apply to the Ghanaian context. We therefore set out to evaluate the degree of involvement of nurses in research, as well as their utilization patterns of research findings in Ghana. Objectives: the study sought to investigate the proportion of nurses involved in clinical research as well as barriers for nurses' participation and utilization of research findings, within the Kumasi Metropolis area, Ghana. Methods: a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study design was used in this study. A 47 item questionnaire elicited data on 158 participants' demographics, the proportion and the barriers to participation, which was then analyzed using SSPS version 17 software. Qualitative interviews with key informants complemented quantitative survey data. In-depth interviews with nurse managers at the hospitals in focus was conducted and analyzed thematically. Results: the study shows that 36.1% of the nurses, included in the study, had participated in research and only 25.3% of these had (knowingly) used specific research results in clinical practice. However, the level of research participation differed greatly between nurses working at different hospitals. Nurses' participation in clinical research was shown to be associated with their perception of benefit of research to practice as well as their understanding of time as a factor for them engaging in reading scientific articles. In addition, barriers associated with nurses' integration of research findings into the daily practice was their perceived lack of support from the collegium and their perception of research as not part of the nursing role. Conclusion: findings from the study suggest that there is a need to create institutional support to facilitate and encourage nurses' participation in research, yet also to formalize nurses' continuous professional development. This, could change nurses' attitudes towards research, and contribute to improving health care as it would increase nurses' role as agents for evidence based clinical practice.
|
|
| 7. |
- Tordön, Rikard, Doktorand, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Background, experience of abuse, and mental health among adolescents in out-of-home care : a cross-sectional study of a Swedish high school national sample
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 73:1, s. 16-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare experiences for adverse events, especially sexual abuse, and mental health in a group of high school students in out-of-home care with a representative sample of peers of the same age and similar educational attainment living with their parents. Materials and methods: A sample of 5839 students in the third year of Swedish high school, corresponding to a response rate of 59.7%, answered a study specific questionnaire. Data from 41 students living in out-of-home care were compared with data from peers not in out-of-home care in a cross-sectional analyze. Results: Students in out-of-home care had more often an immigrant background and a non-heterosexual orientation, had more often experienced physical and penetrative sexual abuse, and more often sought healthcare for mental problems. Disclosure of sexual abuse was less common, and acts of persuasion or adults' use of their social position was more common among students in out-of-home care. Conclusions: Even where the protective factor 'senior educational attainment' is present, risks for abuse and poor mental health are evident for adolescents in out-of-home care. Disclosure of adversity, when it has occurred, ought to be higher among these adolescents with regular contact with social services, but our findings indicate tendencies for the opposite. We therefore suggest routines to be established to screen for adverse life events and mental health actively, along with general and systematic assessments of adversity and mental health during care.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kastbom, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing quality of life between Swedish adolescents and young adults from sexual minorities and heterosexual groups
- 2015
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the relationship between sexual identity and socio- demographics, sexual experience, health, experience of child abuse, sexual exploitation and present behavior among Swedish adolescents and young adults.Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 3,503 adolescents completing a survey about their sexuality, health and abuse at a mean age of 18.3 years. In addition, 362 members of the Swedish Federation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights completed the same survey at a mean age of 21.4 years.Results: Sexual minority respondents were more likely to say that their parental relationship was based on low care and high overprotection and they used alcohol and other drugs to a significantly higher extent than their heterosexual peers. Multivariate analysis showed a positive correlation between sexual minority and low self-esteem, poor mental health and experience of sexual abuse, physical abuse and sexual exploitation.Conclusion: The sexual minority group had a lower quality of life than their heterosexual peers and professionals need to be more aware that they are more vulnerable in a number of respects, including an increased risk of having experienced child abuse, and offer them different forms of support.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Christina, 1955, et al.
(författare)
-
Capability to make well‑founded decisions: an interview study of people with experience of sickness absence who have common mental disorders
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Sickness absence and rehabilitation processes can be challenging for an individual. At a time of generally reduced capacity, the individual must comprehend and navigate through several options. The aim of this study was to investigate the prerequisites for support, knowledge and information related to decision making experienced by people on sickness absence due to common mental disorders. Methods A qualitative explorative approach was used. Face-to-face interviews took place with 11 sick-listed individuals with common mental disorders. Patients were recruited from different sources in the western part of Sweden, such as primary health care centres, patient organizations and via social media. Data analysis was performed using manifest content analysis, meaning that the analysis was kept close to the original text, and on a low level of interpretation and abstraction. Results The analysis revealed three themes that described experiences of decision making during the sick leave and rehabilitation process: Ambiguous roles challenge possibilities for moving on; Uncertain knowledge base weakens self-management; and Perceived barriers and enablers for ending sick leave. Conclusions Our findings suggest that alternatives need to be found that address sickness absence and rehabilitation processes from a complex perspective. Collaboration between stakeholders as well as shared decision making should be considered when the time for return to work is discussed with sick-listed individuals. Other factors in the context of the individual must also be considered. Current knowledge on strategies to improve health/well-being while being in the sick leave process need to be elaborated, communicated and adapted to each individuals’ unique situation, including clarifying rights, obligations and opportunities during the sick-leave process.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindberg, Leona, et al.
(författare)
-
A qualitative study of mothers’ health literacy related to malnutrition in under 5-year-old children in southern Mozambique
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800. ; 25:7, s. 1947-1955
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore mothers’ perceptions of malnutrition and its causes in U-5’s in Mozambique, as well as their ability to recognise, prevent and act on signs of malnutrition. Design: A qualitative exploratory inquiry using focus group discussions and individual interviews analysed using Nutbeam’s health literacy themes. Setting: Manhiça District Hospital in Manhiça, Mozambique. Participants: Mothers of U-5’s (n 53) attending the in- and out-patient paediatric wards. Results: Different malnutrition literacy levels were identified in mothers’ responses. Mothers’ reflections on the causes of malnutrition in U-5’s were more elaborate compared to those of recognition, prevention and treatment strategies. Only severe forms of acute malnutrition were recognised by mothers, while early signs of undernutrition and stunting largely went undetected or unmentioned. Limited knowledge, time and financial resources were mentioned as contributors to suboptimal practices resulting in malnutrition. The district hospital, rather than community resources or local health posts, was indicated as the place mothers would go to seek advice and treatment for malnutrition. All mothers requested additional information on how to prevent and treat malnutrition. Conclusions: The varying literacy levels among mothers, the lack of references to community health workers as a resource in identifying and managing malnutrition, and the identification of poverty and sociocultural conditions as contributors to suboptimal practices indicate the need for in-depth research focused on the social determinants of malnutrition. A more comprehensive understanding of mothers’ health literacy would contribute to the development of holistic programmes aiming to improve community management of malnutrition.
|
|
