| 1. |
- Abbas, Ghazanfar, et al.
(författare)
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Study of CuNiZnGdCe-Nanocomposite Anode for Low Temperature SOFC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1941-4900 .- 1941-4919. ; 4:4, s. 389-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Composite electrodes of Cu0.16Ni0.27Zn0.37Ce0.16Gd0.04 (CNZGC) oxides have been successfully synthesized by solid state reaction method as anode material for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC). These electrodes are characterized by XRD followed by sintering at various time periods and temperatures. Particle size of optimized composition was calculated 40-85 nm and sintered at 800 degrees C for 4 hours. Electrical conductivity of 4.14 S/cm was obtained at a temperature of 550 degrees C by the 4-prob DC method. The activation energy was calculated 4 x 10(-2) eV at 550 degrees C. Hydrogen was used as fuel and air as oxidant at anode and cathode sides respectively. I-V/I-P curves were obtained in the temperature range of 400-550 degrees C. The maximum power density was achieved for 570 mW/cm(2) at 550 degrees C.
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| 2. |
- Fan, Liangdong, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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High performance transition metal oxide composite cathode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753 .- 1873-2755. ; 203:1, s. 65-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with metal oxide composite cathode on the ceria–carbonate composite electrolyte have shown promising performance. However, the role of individual elements or compound is seldom investigated. We report here the effect of the ZnO on the physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of lithiated NiO cathode. The materials and single cells are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, DC polarization electrical conductivity, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fuel cell performance. The ZnO modified lithiated NiO composite materials exhibit smaller particle size and lower electrical conductivity than lithiated NiO. However, improved electro-catalytic oxygen reduction activity and power output are achieved after the ZnO modification. A maximum power density of 808 mW cm−2 and the corresponding interfacial polarization resistance of 0.22 Ω cm2 are obtained at 550 °C using ZnO modified cathode and 300 μm thick composite electrolyte. The single cell keeps reasonable stability over 300 min at 500 °C. Thus, ZnO modified lithiated NiO is a promising cathode candidate for low temperature SOFCs.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jing, Yifu, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and electrochemical performances of linicuzn oxides as anode and cathode catalyst for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1533-4880 .- 1533-4899. ; 12:6, s. 5102-5105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LTSOFC, 300-600 °C) is developed with advantages compared to conventional SOFC (800-1000 °C). The electrodes with good catalytic activity, high electronic and ionic conductivity are required to achieve high power output. In this work, a LiNiCuZn oxides as anode and cathode catalyst is prepared by slurry method. The structure and morphology of the prepared LiNiCuZn oxides are characterized by X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The LiNiCuZn oxides prepared by slurry method are nano Li 0.28Ni 0.72O, ZnO and CuO compound. The nano-crystallites are congregated to form ball-shape particles with diameter of 800-1000 nm. The LiNiCuZn oxides electrodes exhibits high ion conductivity and low polarization resistance to hydrogen oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction at low temperature. The LTSOFC using the LiNiCuZn oxides electrodes demonstrates good cell performance of 1000 mW cm -2 when it operates at 470 °C. It is considered that nano-composite would be an effective way to develop catalyst for LTSOFC.
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| 5. |
- Lima, Raquel Bohn, et al.
(författare)
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Direct lignin fuel cell for power generation
- 2013
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 3:15, s. 5083-5089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin, the second most abundant component after cellulose in biomass, has been examined in this study as a fuel for direct conversion into electricity using direct carbon fuel cells (DCFC). Two different types of industrial lignins were investigated: Lignosulfonate (LS) and Kraft lignin (KL), in their commercial forms, after their blending with commercial active carbon (AC) or after alteration of their structures by a pH adjustment to pH 10. It was found that the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the DCFC could reach around 0.7 V in most of the trials. Addition of active carbon increased the maximum current density from 43-57 to 83-101 mA cm(-2). The pH adjustment not only increased the maximum current density but also reduced the differences between the two types of lignins, resulting in an OCV of 0.68-0.69 V and a maximum current density of 74-79 mA cm(-2) from both lignins. Typical power density was 12 (for KL + AC) and 24 mW cm(-2) (for LS + AC). It is concluded that a direct lignin fuel cell is feasible and the lignin hydrophilicity is critical for the cell performance.
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| 6. |
- Lima, Raquel B., et al.
(författare)
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Direct lignin fuel cell for power generation
- 2011
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Ingår i: 16th International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry. ; , s. 257-262
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignin, the second most abundant component after cellulose in biomass, has been examined in this study as a fuel for a direct conversion into electricity using direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC). Two different types of industrial lignins were investigated: lignosulphonate (LS) and kraft lignin (KL), either directly in their commercial forms, after their blending with commercial active carbon (AC) or after alternation of their structures by a pH adjustment to pH 10. It has been found that the open circuit voltage (OCV) of the DCFC could reach around 0.7 V in most of the trials. Addition of active carbon increased the maximum current density from 43∼57 to 85∼101 mA/cm 2. The pH adjustment not only increased the maximum current density but also reduced the differences between the two types of lignins, resulting in an OCV of 0.680-0.699 V and a maximum current density of 74∼79 mA/cm 2 from both lignins. Typical power density was 12 (for KL +AC) and 24 mW cm -2 (for LS +AC). It has been concluded that a direct lignin fuel cell is feasible and the lignin hydrophilicity is critical for the cell performance.
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| 7. |
- Liu, Qinghua, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced electrolyte-free fuel cells based on functional nanocomposites of a single porous component : analysis, modeling and validation
- 2012
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 2:21, s. 8036-8040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, a fuel cell device constructed with only one layer composited of ceria-based nanocomposites (typically, lithium nickel oxide and gadolinium doped ceria (LiNiO2-GDC) composite materials), called an electrolyte-free fuel cell (EFFC), was realized for energy conversion by Zhu et al. The maxium power density of this single-component fuel cell is 450 mW cm(-2) at 550 degrees C when using hydrogen fuel. In this study, a model was developed to evaluate the performance of an EFFC. The kinetics of anodic and cathodic reactions were modeled based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results show that both of the anodic and cathodic reactions are kinetically fast processes at 500 degrees C. Safety issues of an EFFC using oxidant and fuels at the same time without a gas-tight separator were analyzed under open circuit and normal operation states, respectively. The reaction depth of anodic and cathodic processes dominated the competition between surface electrochemical and gas-phase reactions which were effected by the catalytic activity and porosity of the materials. The voltage and power output of an EFFC were calculated based on the model and compared with the experimental results.
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| 8. |
- Qin, Haiying, et al.
(författare)
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Direct biofuel low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1754-5692 .- 1754-5706. ; 4:4, s. 1273-1276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell system was developed to use bioethanol and glycerol as fuels directly. This system achieved a maximum power density of 215 mW cm(-2) by using glycerol at 580 degrees C and produced a great impact on sustainable energy and the environment.
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| 9. |
- Qin, Haiying, et al.
(författare)
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Integration design of membrane electrode assemblies in low temperature solid oxide fuel cell
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 37:24, s. 19365-19370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, an integration design of membrane electrode assemblies in low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LTSOFCs) is accomplished by using a mixed ionic-electronic conductor. The mixed ionic-electronic conductor is a composite material, LiNiCuZn oxides, Gd2O3 and Sm-doped CeO2 composited with Na2CO3 (LiNiCuZn oxides-NGSDC), which consists of ionic conductor, n-type and p-type semiconductors. The multi-phase composite material can also be used in single layer fuel cell (SLFC) to replace single-phase materials. A SLFC using the LiNiCuZn oxides-NSGDC composite exhibits an OCV of 1.05 V and maximum power density of 800 mW cm-2, which is comparable to the cell performance of conventional LTSOFCs and much higher than that of SLFC reported before. The reasons leading to the good performance are porous structure of electrode and the matching of ionic conductor and semiconductor.
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| 10. |
- Raza, Rizwan, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced Multi-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ASOFCs) Using Functional Nanocomposites for Polygeneration
- 2011
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 1:6, s. 1225-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An advanced multifuelled solid oxide fuel cell (ASOFC) with a functional nanocomposite was developed and tested for use in a polygeneration system. Several different types of fuel, for example, gaseous (hydrogen and biogas) and liquid fuels (bio-ethanol and bio-methanol), were used in the experiments. Maximum power densities of 1000, 300, 600, 550 mW cm−2 were achieved using hydrogen, bio-gas, bio-methanol, and bio-ethanol, respectively, in the ASOFC. Electrical and total efficiencies of 54% and 80% were achieved using the single cell with hydrogen fuel. These results show that the use of a multi-fuelled system for polygeneration is a promising means of generating sustainable power.
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