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- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorders in adults.
- 2011
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Ingår i: In J.K. Buitelaar, C.C. Kan & P. Asherson (Eds.), ADHD in Adults. Characterization, Diagnosis, and Treatment. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521864312 ; , s. 157-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Autism was long considered to be a very rare disorder, the best defined in child psychiatry (Rutter & Schopler, 1992), and one that occurred in isolation, often with no comorbidity (except, possibly, mental retardation) and presumably with one etiology. It is now clear that autism in its classic variant is but part of a broader spectrum of disorders that include not only “autistic disorder” (as defined by DSM-IV) but also a number of conditions, including Asperger disorder and so-called pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified (PDDNOS)/atypical autism (Wing & Potter, 2002). It has also become generally accepted that these “autism spectrum disorders” (ASDs, including autistic disorder) are much more common than previously assumed, with overall childhood prevalence usually reported at just under 1% (Gillberg et al., 2006). To complicate things, genetic studies have shown that ASDs extend into “lesser variants” and “broader phenotypes” with some characteristic autism features but with little or no clinical impairment. Population studies suggest that such lesser variants or features of autism occur in several percent of children (Briskman, Happé, & Frith, 2001; Constantino & Todd, 2003; Posserud et al., 2006). The comorbidity issue in autism has not been resolved, and authorities in the field still argue about whether autism can be associated with other disorders, including ADHD. Both the DSM-IV and ICD-10 include a section of the diagnostic criteria that is difficult to interpret but that would tend to make researchers and clinicians loathe to diagnose coexisting/comorbid ADHD in ASD. Conversely, ADHD has long been agreed to be a common type of childhood behavior disorder and one that does blend into normality.
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Temperament and Character in Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorders (Autism Spectrum Disorders and ADHD)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Personality and Brain Disorders: Associations and Interventions. - Cham, Switzerland : Springer. - 9783319900650 ; , s. 101-142
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), express aberrant neurocognitive functions in social communication, flexibility, and executive control from an early age, not seldom casting extensive consequences long into adulthood. They exist along a continuum from severe disorders to broader phenotypes or “shadow syndromes”. In recent years, several studies have assessed the relation between these conditions and associated personality traits in terms of Cloningers’ temperament and character model in both children and adults. The aim has been to clarify to what extent neurodevelopmental challenges are associated with adult personality and elucidate the link between symptom severity and specific personality traits. Findings give support for specific temperaments (previously known as constitutions) with high Novelty Seeking in ADHD and low Reward Dependence with high Harm Avoidance in ASD , while low scores on the character dimensions of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness is a shared feature of both disorders (and more so the more severe the disorder is). This replicates previous findings of the same character deficits across adult mental disorders, forming a common ground for mental health problems. This pattern is proposed to be a window of opportunity for treatment interventions aiming at enhancing agency, communion, resilience and well-being.
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| 3. |
- Råstam, Maria, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Anorexia och bulimia nervosa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Endokrinologi tredje upplagan. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147114313 ; , s. 380-388
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Råstam, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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ASD, Eating Problems, and Overlap with Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
- 2013
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Guide to autism. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 9781461447887 - 9781461447870 ; , s. 2015-2034
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abnormal eating behaviors are overrepresented in the autism spectrum disorders, including food refusal, pica, rumination, and selective eating. Those disturbances can have detrimental complications and are often resistant to treatment. In autism spectrum disorders the background factors to eating disturbances are more complex than in the general child population, and sensory abnormalities, ritualistic behaviors, and social communication problems all seem to contribute. The eating problems in autism spectrum disorders may increase the risk for developing clinically significant eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Autistic traits must be considered in the treatment of the eating disorders and seem to be predictors for a poor psychosocial outcome after recovery from the eating disorder per se.
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